<div dir="ltr">Thanks, Jan!  This is very helpful.<div><br></div><div>Dave</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all"><div><div dir="ltr"><div>David Kaufman</div><div>Linguistic Anthropology PhD candidate, University of Kansas<br>
</div>Director, Kaw Nation Language Program<br></div></div>
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, May 20, 2014 at 11:44 AM, Jan Ullrich <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:jfu@lakhota.org" target="_blank">jfu@lakhota.org</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div lang="CS" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div><div><div><div><div><div><div class=""><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1f497d">> </span><span lang="EN-US">Would you be able to provide a morpheme-by-morpheme gloss of the sentences?  <u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div></div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">David, below is a version with more detailed glossing of the verbal morphemes.</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<div class=""><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">1) This morning I went hunting.<u></u><u></u></span></p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Híŋhaŋni wa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">khúl o</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">má</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">wa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">ni.</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">morning / </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><a href="http://non.specific.patient-shoot.at.sth.sb" target="_blank">non.specific.patient-shoot.at.sth.sb</a> (truncated form of wakhúte)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> / </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">locative.(about)-stem-1SG.AG-stem(to.walk)</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">2) I cannot cook<u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1f497d"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">a) Lol’íȟaŋ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">pi uŋ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">má</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">spe šni. – I don’t know how to cook.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> (literally: I don’t know how to do cooking.)</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> <a href="http://to.cook-3PL.AG" target="_blank">to.cook-3PL.AG</a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> / </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">stem-1SG.PAT-to.know.how.to.do.smth</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> / not</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">(The 3rd plural affix –pi nominalizes the verb lol’íȟ’aŋ, so the meaning of the first words is ‘cooking’).<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">b) Lol’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">í</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">wa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">ȟ’aŋ o</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">wá</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">kihi šni. – I can’t cook (I am unable at the moment or under given circumstances).</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Food-loc-1SG.AG-act / stem-1SG.AG-stem(can/able) / not</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<div class=""><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">c) Tókheni(š) lol’íwaȟ’aŋ šni. – There is no way I could cook (under given circumstance).</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">In no way</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">(adversative)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> / </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">food-loc-1SG.AG-act</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> / not</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">T</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">here are a number of verbs for “to cook“, although the one I used is most common today.)</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><div class=""><div><p class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">3) I came chasing someone.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Tuwá khuwá a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">wá</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">hi.</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1f497d">Someone / </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1f497d">to.chase.sb.sth</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1f497d"> / </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#1f497d">loc-1SG.AG-to.come.here</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">The verb ahí (<a href="http://1SG.AG" target="_blank">1SG.AG</a>: awáhi) means ‘to bring sth/sb’, so the literal meaning is “I brought someone here chasing him/her.” To my knowledge Lakota always uses bringing/taking verbs rather than coming/going verbs in this construction. <span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><u></u><u></u></font></span></span></p>
<span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Jan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
</font></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="HOEnZb"><div class="h5">
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