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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Emilia Aigotti <aigotm@yahoo.com><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, May 21, 2014 15:46<br>
<b>To:</b> Siouan Linguistics<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Siouan accent and long syllables</font>
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<div><span>Did you read about Dorsey's Law? Wolff 1950 has a good explanation of it although I haven't totally wrapped my head around it. Don't forget though, it is believed that Chiwere doesn't have vowel length. Here is an excerpt from my paper from Miner
1979. Not sure this helps at all. I just jumped in on this conversation…</span></div>
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<span>Emilia</span></div>
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<b style="font-weight:bold">3.1.3 Hypotheses on Chiwere/Hoocąk Relationship.<span style="">
</span></b><span>Miner (1979) gives examples of the relationship between accent and stress patterns between Hoocąk and Chiwere.
</span><b style="font-weight:bold"></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in; line-height:150%"><span style="">1. third-mora accent in Winnebago<span style="">
</span>matches second-syllable accent in <span style="">
</span><span style=""> </span>Chiwere</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in; line-height:150%">2. Chiwere accented initial syllables correspond to Winnebago long
<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>initial syllables</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in; line-height:150%">3. Point two above corresponds to the instrumental prefixes.</div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%">This means, accented instrumentals in Chiwere closely resembled lengthened prefixes in Winnebago (and the same being true for unaccented and short vowels). The following is an excerpt from the chart Miner provides
(p. 31) on the similarities between <span style="">Hoocąk and Chiwere instrumentals</span>.</div>
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<font size="2" face="Arial"><b><span style="font-weight:bold">From:</span></b> Ryan Kasak <ryan.kasak@GMAIL.COM><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">To:</span></b> SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu <br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b> Wednesday, May 21, 2014 2:36 PM<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject:</span></b> Re: Siouan accent and long syllables<br>
</font></div>
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<div>Regarding Bryan's discussion of the conflict between syllable weight and expected μμμ́ pattern in Chiwere, it could simply be that the Weight-to-Stress Principle of Prince (1990) is ranked higher than the μμμ́ pattern, if we put this in the context of
OT tableaux:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>WSP>> μμμ́ </div>
<div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="320" style="border-collapse:collapse; width:240pt">
<colgroup><col width="64" span="5" style="width:48pt"></colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
<td colspan="3" height="21" class="yiv1910549292" width="192" style="border-right-width:0.5pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-color:black; height:15.75pt; width:144pt">
/baaxoje/</td>
<td class="yiv1910549292" width="64" style="border-left-style:none; width:48pt">WSP</td>
<td class="yiv1910549292" width="64" style="border-left-style:none; width:48pt">μμμ́</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height:15pt">
<td height="20" class="yiv1910549292" style="height:15pt; border-top-style:none">
-></td>
<td colspan="2" class="yiv1910549292" style="border-right-width:0.5pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-color:black">
a. báaxoje</td>
<td class="yiv1910549292" style="border-top-style:none; border-left-style:none"> </td>
<td class="yiv1910549292" style="border-top-style:none; border-left-style:none">*</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height:15pt">
<td height="20" class="yiv1910549292" style="height:15pt; border-top-style:none">
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="yiv1910549292" style="border-right-width:0.5pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-color:black">
b. baaxóje</td>
<td class="yiv1910549292" style="border-top-style:none; border-left-style:none">*!</td>
<td class="yiv1910549292" style="border-top-style:none; border-left-style:none"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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</div>
<div>It is thus more important that heavy syllables attract stress than adhere to the on-the-third-mora tendency we see. This hierarchy could help start to explain the disconnect between when to stress what in Chiwere. I haven't looked much into Hoocąk, so
I don't know if this brief observation would hold true there as well.</div>
<div><br>
In Mandan, there is a preference for left-aligned iambs, where long vowels are well-formed iambs: LĹ, LH́, H́.</div>
<div>/istawį/ -> [(i.stá).mį] 'eye'</div>
<div>/ruwąk/ -> [(nų.mą́k)] 'man'</div>
<div>/wį-ta-wįįh-e/ -> [(pta.mį́į).he] 'my sister'</div>
<div>/pąąpi-oʔš/ -> [(pą́ą).piʔš] 'he is thin' (said to male listener)</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>The only two exceptions to this is in compounds and in words involving preverbs/applicatives /i, e, aa, o/. In compounds, primary stress is assigned to the leftmost-available iamb. If no iamb is available, the stress does not cross the word boundary, resulting
in deficient feet, i.e., a foot containing just a stressed Ĺ.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>COMPOUNDS:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>/paʔ/ 'head' + /hį/ 'hair' -> [(páʔ).hį] 'porcupine'</div>
<div>/wįʔ/ 'stone' + /ti/ 'house' -> [(mį́ʔ).ti] 'village'</div>
<div>/ho/ 'story' + /kirąąr/ 'tell' -> [(hó).<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://ki.na/">ki.na</a>̨<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://a.ro/">a.ro</a>ʔš] ’he is story-telling’ (said to male listener)</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>PREVERBS</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>/i/ directional + /aaki/ `be above' + /ta/ locative -> [(í).ʔaa.ki.ta] ’upward’</div>
<div>/o/ inessive + /wa/ 1st active + /kųh/ `want something' + /oʔš/ -> [(ó).wa.kų.hoʔš] 'I want something'</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>The stress placement in constructions with preverbs suggests that the phonology is sensitive to the morphological structure of non-simplex words. In Anderson’s (1992)
<i>A-Morphous Morphology</i>, he calls words like those in the preverbs 'composites,' meaning that there is some internal structure: [ó- [wakųhoʔš]] ’I want something.’ The preverb isn't in the same domain as the inflected root is, and the left-aligned iambic
stress assignment cannot corss over into the next domain to create a well-formed iamb, due to what Ito and Mester (1999) call a CrispEdge constraint, where some phonological processes are unable to cross certain boundaries.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I haven’t looked super seriously at other Siouan languages’ stress patterns, but I think that Lakota/Dakota likewise prefers iambic feet (sans the long vowels like in Mandan) except for cases of compounds and composites, but I'd be interested to see how
well that guess plays out.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>-Ryan</div>
</div>
<div class="yiv1910549292gmail_extra"><br>
<br>
<div class="yiv1910549292gmail_quote">On Wed, May 21, 2014 at 11:18 AM, Bryan James Gordon
<span dir="ltr"><<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="mailto:linguist@email.arizona.edu">linguist@email.arizona.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="yiv1910549292gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex; border-left:1px #ccc solid; padding-left:1ex">
<div>It seems like there is some variation about how vowel length interacts with stress. I never have managed to figure out a simple, neat explanation for how it works in Ponca and Omaha. It seems like if one of the first two syllables has a long vowel, that
one usually gets stressed, but not always. Sometimes the stress placement is more an indicator of morphology than phonology, e.g. "itháe" "I speak" vs. "íthae" "you speak". And when both vowels are underlyingly long it seems to me like there are morphological,
phonological and "free" (across- and within-speaker) variations. And then there's the question of why "wa-" "them" seems to like stress more than "wa-" "us". Is "wa-" "them" underlyingly long?
</div>
<div>I understand the situation in Ioway, Otoe and Missouria even less. Jimm may be able to help out here. I often notice when comparing recordings with each other or with Jimm's dictionary that words like "Baxoje" "Ioway" are stressed on different syllables
by different speakers or even by the same speaker in different contexts. It seems like the first vowel in "Baxoje" is long, so there may be some sort of tension going on here between "Put stress on the third mora" and "Put stress on the first long vowel".
The dictionary orthography (I think) puts stress on the first syllable.</div>
<div class="yiv1910549292HOEnZb">
<div class="yiv1910549292h5">
<div class="yiv1910549292gmail_quote">On May 21, 2014 7:55 AM, "Rory Larson" <<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="mailto:rlarson1@unl.edu">rlarson1@unl.edu</a>> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="yiv1910549292gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex; border-left:1px #ccc solid; padding-left:1ex">
<div lang="EN-US">
<div>
<div class="yiv1910549292MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">I have a question about the Siouan accent rule that I should know, but don’t. Generally, Siouan accent likes to go on the second syllable. Also, Siouan vowels are sometimes long. Does a long
vowel count as one syllable or two for purposes of the Siouan accent rule? If we have a word with the vowel of the first syllable long,<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="yiv1910549292MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></div>
<div class="yiv1910549292MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> cvvcv<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="yiv1910549292MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></div>
<div class="yiv1910549292MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">should Siouan accent it as<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="yiv1910549292MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></div>
<div class="yiv1910549292MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> cvvcV<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="yiv1910549292MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></div>
<div class="yiv1910549292MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">or as<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="yiv1910549292MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></div>
<div class="yiv1910549292MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> cvVcv<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="yiv1910549292MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></div>
<div class="yiv1910549292MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">?<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="yiv1910549292MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></div>
<div class="yiv1910549292MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Thanks,<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="yiv1910549292MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Rory<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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