<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body dir="auto"><div>Sky,</div><div><br></div><div>I'm sorry to be replying so late. I'm more familiar with Ponca than Ioway-Otoe. I think that, in the case of your Ponca friend who has the name was^kaN maNthiN (I don't know how to access the special characters in e-mail that you're using, so I'm using a vowel followed by an uppercase N for a nasal vowel and a carrot for a hacek on the previous letter), maNthiN can't be taken literally but means something like 'being, existing.' A Ponca-speaking friend of mine, who prefers to remain anonymous, made friends with my brother's cat, Smoky, a couple of years ago and decided to give him a Ponca name, xude maNthiN, which he translated roughly as 'being gray,' 'going around gray,' or 'existing gray.' (By the way, Smoky Shea has his own Facebook page and announced his new name there.) I think that the English translation your friend gave you for his name, 'standing strong' probably captures the meaning fairly well, where 'standing' is also not meant to be understood in a literal sense. In Ponca, was^kaN can also mean 'muscle.'</div><div><br></div><div>Kathy Shea</div><div><br>Sent from my iPad</div><div><br>On Sep 3, 2014, at 12:19 PM, "Campbell, Sky" <<a href="mailto:sky@OMTRIBE.ORG">sky@OMTRIBE.ORG</a>> wrote:<br><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)"><style><!--
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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--><div class="WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Finally got my computer up and running this morning! I've been going through Dorsey's names and came across this:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Wa-cka<sup>n</sup></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">ˊma-́nyi, Tciwere notation of the Ȼegiha Wacka<sup>n</sup> ma<sup>n</sup>ȼi<sup>n</sup>, Makes an Effort in Walking, or, Continues to Make an Effort.</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Sky Campbell<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Language Director<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Otoe-Missouria Tribe<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">(580) 723-4466, ext. 111<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><a href="mailto:sky@omtribe.org">sky@omtribe.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Sky Campbell<br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, August 20, 2014 1:15 PM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: Washką in Otoe-Missouria<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Thanks for the replies! Sorry for the late reply. Been having a few computer issues on this end and I'd hoped to be able to do more effective digging before I responded. But my problems might not be fixed for another week (waiting on a part) so I thought I'd go ahead and respond anyway.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">The Walks Strong or Always Strong definitely fits with what I am thinking for that name. However I'd feel much better about that if I found more info on it. Perhaps Dorsey has a few more "washką/iragrį washką" terms attached to other terms in his vocabulary slips. Still, old translations of Great Walker or Great Marcher have me thinking that that is correct. However I still can't ignore the old translation of Fast Dancer which I can JUST see could be formed out of Washką Manyi (wasi/washi (dance) + kąntha (fast) + manyi (always)). While I am leaning heavily towards Always Strong (and other similar translations), there is the possibility that Fast Dancer could also be correct. And I'm not one to declare a "winner" in a situation like this. My determination is irrelevant. The term/name means what it means and so long as there is a possibility of another translation, I am loathe to say "Yep, this is what it means." I like to qualify things like that with "This is what it looks like it says, however it could also mean this..." That's a hard line to walk in a field that likes answers to this sort of thing LOL.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">But again, thanks for the replies and if anyone has any other information, I'd love to hear it.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Sky<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Siouan Linguistics [<a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Ardis Eschenberg<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, August 11, 2014 1:52 PM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: Washką in Otoe-Missouria<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">In addition to ʻDo one’s best,ʻ washkoN is also often translated as ʻbe strong’ (for example, said to one who is grieving) and is used to connote strength, such as in ʻWashkoN tonga,’ meaning strong or muscular. <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">So, could also mean ʻWalks Strong’ or ʻAlways Strong’ for the name given.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">Ardis Eschenberg, Ph.D.</span></i><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">Windward Community College<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">(808) 235-7443<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black"><a href="mailto:ardise@hawaii.edu">ardise@hawaii.edu</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class="MsoNormal">On Aug 11, 2014, at 7:51 AM, Catherine Rudin <<a href="mailto:carudin1@WSC.EDU">carudin1@WSC.EDU</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">Common in Omaha too. At one time it was the UmoNhoN Nation School's sports teams cheer; maybe still is. <br><br>>>> "Mcbride, Justin" 08/11/14 11:01 AM >>><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">Just means 'do one's best' in Dhegiha, a far as I've ever seen. It's very common in Osage in particular; it used to be written on the back of all the Language Dept. t-shirts. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">On Wed, Aug 6, 2014 at 9:34 AM, Campbell, Sky <<a href="mailto:sky@omtribe.org" target="_blank">sky@omtribe.org</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">A few weeks ago there was a discussion about the Ioway name "Washką Manyi" and the given translations such as Fast Dancer and Great Walker from historical documents. I also mentioned a Ponca friend of mine with the name Washką Mathi which he translated as Stands Strong. So I've been really interested in the term "washką" and if there was any Otoe equivalent. The closest lead I found was Dorsey giving the Jiwere equivalent of washką as brixe in his Omaha/Ponca slips.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">But poking through Dorsey's material a while ago I found this term:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">na<sup>n</sup>-wañ-́e i-ra-́kri<sup>n</sup>-wa-́shka<sup>n</sup> - to do his best to dodge or evade the blow, weapon, or pursuer<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Then I was talking with my assistant today who is pretty knowledgeable in Osage and he mentioned in passing that Osages use "washką" to refer to doing their best. So I looked in Dorsey's material again and found this by itself:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">na<sup>n</sup>-wañ-́e - to dodge a blow or weapon; to evade the enemy, or pursuer<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">So that leaves us with i-ra-́kri<sup>n</sup>-wa-́shka<sup>n</sup> which Dorsey also has a separate slip for. Unfortunately he doesn't translate it here but he does give this phrase:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">irákri<sup>n</sup>washka<sup>n</sup>ˊwi hó<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Based on what I've seen so far, it looks to be a command to "do your best". But what is really interesting is Dorsey gives this afterward:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">(eq. to Dh. washka<sup>n</sup> i-gă)<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">So now we have a direct comparison of the Otoe "iragrį washką" and Dhegiha "washką". Has anyone else seen something like this floating around their respective languages? I'm curious what the "iragrį" is doing here and why it is omitted for its Dhegiha equivalent. And now because of the idea of "best" it has me wondering if this term is related to "wexa" (best).<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Anyone have any thoughts? If this term does in fact refer to doing your best, then the name "Washką Manyi" could perhaps roughly translate to "He Always Does His Best."<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt">Sky Campbell</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Language Director<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Otoe-Missouria Tribe<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="tel:%28580%29%20723-4466%2C%20ext.%20111" target="_blank">(580) 723-4466, ext. 111</a><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="mailto:sky@omtribe.org" target="_blank">sky@omtribe.org</a><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""><br> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">-- Manage your subscription at <a href="http://listserv.unl.edu/" target="_blank">http://listserv.unl.edu</a>. <a href="http://listserv.unl.edu/" target="_blank">listserv.unl.edu</a> lists do not accept incoming email from <a href="http://Yahoo.com">Yahoo.com</a>, <a href="http://AOL.com">AOL.com</a> or <a href="http://Dropbox.com">Dropbox.com</a> due to thier DMARC policies. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">-- Manage your subscription at <a href="http://listserv.unl.edu/" target="_blank">http://listserv.unl.edu</a>. <a href="http://listserv.unl.edu">listserv.unl.edu</a> lists do not accept incoming email from <a href="http://Yahoo.com">Yahoo.com</a>, <a href="http://AOL.com">AOL.com</a> or <a href="http://Dropbox.com">Dropbox.com</a> due to thier DMARC policies. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal">-- Manage your subscription at <a href="http://listserv.unl.edu/" target="_blank">http://listserv.unl.edu</a>. <a href="http://listserv.unl.edu">listserv.unl.edu</a> lists do not accept incoming email from <a href="http://Yahoo.com">Yahoo.com</a>, <a href="http://AOL.com">AOL.com</a> or <a href="http://Dropbox.com">Dropbox.com</a> due to thier DMARC policies. <o:p></o:p></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal">-- Manage your subscription at <a href="http://listserv.unl.edu" target="_blank">http://listserv.unl.edu</a>. <a href="http://listserv.unl.edu">listserv.unl.edu</a> lists do not accept incoming email from <a href="http://Yahoo.com">Yahoo.com</a>, <a href="http://AOL.com">AOL.com</a> or <a href="http://Dropbox.com">Dropbox.com</a> due to thier DMARC policies. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">-- Manage your subscription at <a href="http://listserv.unl.edu" target="_blank">http://listserv.unl.edu</a>. <a href="http://listserv.unl.edu">listserv.unl.edu</a> lists do not accept incoming email from <a href="http://Yahoo.com">Yahoo.com</a>, <a href="http://AOL.com">AOL.com</a> or <a href="http://Dropbox.com">Dropbox.com</a> due to thier DMARC policies.<o:p></o:p></p></div>
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