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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">In Omaha, úškaⁿ means ‘activity’ or type of work, as in
<i>nú-uškaⁿ</i>, ‘men’s work or customs’, vs. <i>waɁú-uškaⁿ</i>, ‘women’s work or customs’. It would be about the same as in Kaw. Underlyingly, it is composed of three elements:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> wa- (a generalizing nominalizer in this case)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> -o- (a locative prefix meaning something like ‘in’, that places the verb in environmental context)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> -škaⁿ ‘move’, ‘stir’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">I don’t think this Dhegiha word is actually related to either the mystery word
<i>wó-khŭⁿ</i> or the Dakota word <i>okhaⁿ</i>, though. The equivalent Dakota word is
<i>óškaⁿ</i>, ‘motion’ or ‘movement’. Dakota <i>okháⁿ</i> can mean ‘room’, in the sense that there is room for something, or that it isn’t too crowded to fit somebody in. Omaha has the word
<i>ukkóⁿ</i>, which I have down as meaning “space (an open space or place to put something)”, and which should be the equivalent of the Dakota word.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">The problem here is the accent. Since it comes on the second syllable in the Omaha and Dakota forms, it means that there is no initial underlying wa- in those words. The mystery word with the
leading w- and first-syllable accent presumably has a wa- there. If the base word is in fact the same as the Dakota and Omaha word “have room for”, I’m not sure what the wa- adds to it, or how it would be used in conjugated forms.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Actually though, the Dakota word doesn’t match the mystery word either, because it has /aⁿ/ where the mystery word has /uⁿ/. Omaha wouldn’t make the distinction, but Dakotan and I believe IOM
do. So we should really be looking at a Dakotan word sounding like <i>okhúⁿ</i>, which I do find described cryptically for Teton with the single example of
<i>okhúⁿ wašte</i>, ‘gentle’ or ‘mild’ as some kind of comparative element. Perhaps some of the Lakhota linguists could help out here.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Rory<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Siouan Linguistics [mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>David Kaufman<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, October 03, 2014 8:36 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: Looking for a Dhegiha (and also maybe Dakota) term<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Sky,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Kaw óshkaN = act, deed, custom (Kaanze dictionary, 161)<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Dave<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br clear="all">
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">David Kaufman, Ph.D.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Director, Kaw Nation Language Program<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Fri, Oct 3, 2014 at 8:01 AM, Campbell, Sky <<a href="mailto:sky@omtribe.org" target="_blank">sky@omtribe.org</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">I am looking for a term that Dorsey has in his language slips which is:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">wó-khŭⁿ<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">He conjugates this term but doesn't translate it. He lists the Dhegiha equivalent as:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">ushkaⁿ<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">And the Dakota equivalent as:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">okhaⁿ<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">I haven't had any luck finding information on any of these terms. Anyone have any ideas or can maybe point me in the right direction?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt">Sky Campbell</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Language Director<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Otoe-Missouria Tribe<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="tel:%28580%29%20723-4466%2C%20ext.%20111" target="_blank">(580) 723-4466, ext. 111</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="mailto:sky@omtribe.org" target="_blank">sky@omtribe.org</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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