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<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff size=4 face="Times New Roman">I would tend to think
that the "wokhu" (woxu) may be "wexa" (beyond, more than, exceed) or a
derivative of it.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt Tahoma">
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV style="BACKGROUND: #f5f5f5">
<DIV style="font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A title=sky@OMTRIBE.ORG
href="mailto:sky@OMTRIBE.ORG">Campbell, Sky</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Friday, October 03, 2014 11:18 AM</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu
href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> Re: Looking for a Dhegiha (and also maybe Dakota)
term</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV class=WordSection1>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #1f497d'>Yea,
I saw the "act, deed, custom" from the online Omaha-Ponca dictionary at unl.edu
but that doesn't seem to fit. The whole idea of custom and that sort of
thing has me on our usual term of "wosgą" which isn't what I'm after. I'm
going to show two terms that mean roughly the same thing (according to Dorsey)
but the second one has the extra term that I'm after:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #1f497d'><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #1f497d'>i-pra-shku-nye
- not to be satisfied with what he has; to desire more<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #1f497d'><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #1f497d'>i-pra-shku-nye-thke
wo-khu - to desire more<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #1f497d'><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #1f497d'>So
we have "to desire more" expressed twice but I'm trying to figure out what is
going on with the extra stuff in the second one. The entry I asked about
earlier came from when I tried to look up "wo-khu" in Dorsey's information where
he gave the nasal, accent, etc. So if we have the "ibra skunyi" talking
about not being satisfied or desiring more, then the extra -thge would suggest
"like/alike/so/be like/be so/in like manner/equal/somewhat/not very/thus/a
little" (that's a lot, I know but as of now that is the whole of my contexts for
that term (full term "ithge")). Up to that point I'm sort of ok but I'm
not understanding what is going on with the "wo-khu" after that. Could we
actually be talking about "wosgą" somehow here in the way of custom/habits and
this is a term that describes something like "not satisfied - in that way -
habitually" (he always wants more/he is never satisfied)? Only problem is
I've never seen a "wo-khu" form of "wosgą" before but I guess it is possible
considering other "s" to "th" to "x" shifts that I've seen but I am a bit
skeptical.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #1f497d'><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #1f497d'>Sky
Campbell<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #1f497d'>Language
Director<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #1f497d'>Otoe-Missouria
Tribe<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #1f497d'>(580)
723-4466, ext. 111<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #1f497d'>sky@omtribe.org<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #1f497d'><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-TOP: 3pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in">
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Siouan Linguistics
[mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Rory Larson<BR><B>Sent:</B>
Friday, October 03, 2014 10:08 AM<BR><B>To:</B>
SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: Looking for a Dhegiha (and also
maybe Dakota) term<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d">In Omaha, úškaⁿ
means ‘activity’ or type of work, as in <I>nú-uškaⁿ</I>, ‘men’s work or
customs’, vs. <I>waɁú-uškaⁿ</I>, ‘women’s work or customs’. It would be
about the same as in Kaw. Underlyingly, it is composed of three
elements:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d">
wa- (a generalizing nominalizer in this case)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d">
-o- (a locative prefix meaning something like ‘in’, that places the verb
in environmental context)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d">
-škaⁿ ‘move’, ‘stir’<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d">I don’t think
this Dhegiha word is actually related to either the mystery word <I>wó-khŭⁿ</I>
or the Dakota word <I>okhaⁿ</I>, though. The equivalent Dakota word is
<I>óškaⁿ</I>, ‘motion’ or ‘movement’. Dakota <I>okháⁿ</I> can mean ‘room’,
in the sense that there is room for something, or that it isn’t too crowded to
fit somebody in. Omaha has the word <I>ukkóⁿ</I>, which I have down as
meaning “space (an open space or place to put something)”, and which should be
the equivalent of the Dakota word.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d">The problem
here is the accent. Since it comes on the second syllable in the Omaha and
Dakota forms, it means that there is no initial underlying wa- in those
words. The mystery word with the leading w- and first-syllable accent
presumably has a wa- there. If the base word is in fact the same as the
Dakota and Omaha word “have room for”, I’m not sure what the wa- adds to it, or
how it would be used in conjugated forms.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d">Actually
though, the Dakota word doesn’t match the mystery word either, because it has
/aⁿ/ where the mystery word has /uⁿ/. Omaha wouldn’t make the distinction,
but Dakotan and I believe IOM do. So we should really be looking at a
Dakotan word sounding like <I>okhúⁿ</I>, which I do find described cryptically
for Teton with the single example of <I>okhúⁿ wašte</I>, ‘gentle’ or ‘mild’ as
some kind of comparative element. Perhaps some of the Lakhota linguists
could help out here.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d">Best,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d">Rory<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV
style="BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-TOP: 3pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in">
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Siouan Linguistics
[<A href="mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu">mailto:SIOUAN@listserv.unl.edu</A>]
<B>On Behalf Of </B>David Kaufman<BR><B>Sent:</B> Friday, October 03, 2014 8:36
AM<BR><B>To:</B> <A
href="mailto:SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU">SIOUAN@LISTSERV.UNL.EDU</A><BR><B>Subject:</B>
Re: Looking for a Dhegiha (and also maybe Dakota)
term<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>Sky,<o:p></o:p></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>Kaw óshkaN = act, deed, custom (Kaanze dictionary,
161)<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>Dave<o:p></o:p></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><BR clear=all><o:p></o:p></P>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>David Kaufman, Ph.D.<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>Director, Kaw Nation Language
Program<o:p></o:p></P></DIV></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>On Fri, Oct 3, 2014 at 8:01 AM, Campbell, Sky <<A
href="mailto:sky@omtribe.org" target=_blank>sky@omtribe.org</A>>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></P>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">I am looking for a
term that Dorsey has in his language slips which is:<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">wó-khŭⁿ<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">He conjugates this
term but doesn't translate it. He lists the Dhegiha equivalent
as:<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">ushkaⁿ<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">And the Dakota
equivalent as:<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">okhaⁿ<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">I haven't had any
luck finding information on any of these terms. Anyone have any ideas or
can maybe point me in the right direction?<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt">Sky Campbell</SPAN></B><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">Language
Director<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">Otoe-Missouria
Tribe<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><A
href="tel:%28580%29%20723-4466%2C%20ext.%20111" target=_blank>(580) 723-4466,
ext. 111</A><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><A
href="mailto:sky@omtribe.org" target=_blank>sky@omtribe.org</A><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"> <o:p></o:p></P></DIV></DIV>
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