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<div dir="ltr"><font face="Arial" color="#000000" size="2">Excuse me, in my last email there was a detail missing under (a): Please select the following corrected version:</font></div>
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<div dir="ltr"><font face="Arial" color="#000000" size="2">The anecdotes go inline with the hypothesis that stuttering relies on a decelerated articulation planning/a speech timing problem (Van Riper, 1982). This is supported by recent brain studies on hearing
stutterers that showed</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="Arial" color="#000000" size="2"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="Arial" color="#000000" size="2">(a) a decreased white matter tract/fiber coherence alobg the
<u>left rolandic operculum</u></font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="Arial" color="#000000" size="2">(b) additional activation of the right frontal operculum</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="arial" size="2"></font><font face="arial" size="2"></font><font face="Arial" color="#000000" size="2"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="Arial" color="#000000" size="2">when they were contrasted with hearing non-stutterers (Sommer et al., 2002; Büchel & Sommer, 2004). These results were interpreted in terms of a slowed articulation planning due to a less developed
connectivity between language and articulation areas which is compensated by the right frontal operculum ("disturbed signal transmission through fibers passing the left rolandic operculum impairs the fast sensorimotor integration necessary for fluent speech
production", B&S 2004). Neumann et al. (2003) confirmed this data and showed, that the right hemispere is activated particularly during fluent speech phases in stutterers maybe revealing successful compensation of the deficit due to activation of this brain
structure.</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="Arial" color="#000000" size="2"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="Arial" color="#000000" size="2">I think it would be interesting to examine deaf stutterers the same way and especially take a look at the interconnection between language and sign articulation areas as well as the right hemisphere.</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="arial" size="2"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="arial" size="1"><u>Lit.:</u></font></div>
<p id="pbio-0020046-VanRiper1"><font face="Arial" size="1">Büchel C, Sommer M. What causes stuttering? PLoS Biol 2004;2 (2):159-163 (e46). </font><span style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"><font face="Arial" size="1">
</font></p>
<p id="pbio-0020046-Neumann1"><font face="Arial" size="1"></font> </p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="1">Neumann K, Euler HA, Gudenberg AW, Giraud AL, Lanfermann H, et al. The nature and treatment of</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial"><font size="1"> stuttering as revealed by fMRI: A within- and between-group comparison.
<span style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap"><span class="ref-journal">J Fluency Disord. </span>
2003;<span class="ref-vol">28</span>:381–410.</span></font></font></p>
<p id="pbio-0020046-Sommer1"><font face="Arial" size="1"></font> </p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="1">Sommer M, Koch MA, Paulus W, Weiller C, Buechel C. A disconnection of speech-relevant brain areas in</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial"><font size="1"> developmental stuttering. <span style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">
<span class="ref-journal">Lancet. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">60</span>:380–383.</span></font></font></p>
<p><font size="1"></font></span><font face="Arial"></font> </p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="1">Van Riper, C. <span class="ref-journal">The nature of stuttering.</span> Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall; 1982. 468 pp.</font></p>
<span style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">
<div dir="ltr"><font face="Arial" size="1"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="arial" size="1"></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="arial" size="1"></font></span> </div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="Arial" size="2">Juliane Klann.</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="arial" size="2"></font> </div>
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<div><font face="Verdana">
<div><font face="Arial" size="2">*********************************************<br>
Juliane Klann, M.A.<br>
Neurolinguistics<br>
Dept. of Neurology<br>
RWTH Aachen University<br>
University Hospital<br>
Pauwelsstr. 30<br>
D- 52074 Aachen - Germany</font></div>
<div><font size="2"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial"><font size="2">Phone: +49- 241- 80 89877<br>
Fax: +49- 241- 80 82598<br>
E-mail: </font><a href="mailto:jklann@ukaachen.de"><font size="2">jklann@ukaachen.de</font></a></font></div>
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<font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b>Von:</b> slling-l-bounces@majordomo.valenciacc.edu [slling-l-bounces@majordomo.valenciacc.edu] im Auftrag von Karen Emmorey [kemmorey@mail.sdsu.edu]<br>
<b>Gesendet:</b> Freitag, 26. Oktober 2007 17:06<br>
<b>An:</b> A list for linguists interested in signed languages<br>
<b>Betreff:</b> Re: [SLLING-L] stuttering in signed languages<br>
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<div>In some recent talks, I have hypothesized that stuttering might be rare in sign language because there is a weak link between visual feedback and sign production. Some theories of stuttering hypothesize a disruption between auditory feedback and speech
production. Also, delayed auditory feedback can cause stuttering and can sometimes improve symptoms in stutterers. So I've been following the anecdotes to see whether I could rule out sign stuttering due to late learning or as an effect that carries over
from speech in hearing signers. So I guess we have an interesting result either way. If stuttering turns out to be as common in signers as in speakers, then this suggests that stuttering is indeed a language disorder. On the other hand, if stuttering turns
out to be rare in sign language, this supports my hypothesis that visual feedback is not strongly linked to language output, compared to spoken language.<br>
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<div>Karen Emmorey</div>
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<div><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span">
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<div>Dr. Karen Emmorey</div>
<div>Professor, Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences</div>
<div>San Diego State University</div>
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<div>Director, Laboratory for Language and Cognitive Neuroscience</div>
<div>6495 Alvarado Road, Suite 200</div>
<div>San Diego, CA 92120</div>
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<div>Office (voice); (619) 594-8080</div>
<div>Lab (voice): (619) 594-8049</div>
<div>Fax: (619) 594-8056</div>
<div>email: <a href="mailto:kemmorey@mail.sdsu.edu">kemmorey@mail.sdsu.edu</a></div>
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<div>Lab website: <a href="http://emmoreylab.sdsu.edu" target="_blank">http://emmoreylab.sdsu.edu</a></div>
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