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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt'><font size=2 color=navy
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>In the
following paper we discuss optionality in relation to agreement in the input to
children acquiring BSL as a first language. </span></font><font size=2><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Morgan G, Barrière I, & Woll B (2006)
The influence of typology and modality on the acquisition of language. First
Language 26: 19-43.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Arial;color:navy'>Bencie Woll, BA, MA, PhD<br>
Chair of Sign Language and Deaf Studies<br>
Director, UCL DCAL Research Centre<br>
<st1:Street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on">49 Gordon Square</st1:address></st1:Street><br>
<st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">London</st1:place></st1:City> WC1H 0PD<br>
+44 20 7679 8670 (voice)<br>
+44 20 7679 8691 (fax)<br>
+44 20 7679 8693 (textphone/minicom) www.dcal.ucl.ac.uk</span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:navy'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From<st1:PersonName w:st="on">:</st1:PersonName></span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
slling-l-bounces@majordomo.valenciacc.edu [mailto<st1:PersonName w:st="on">:</st1:PersonName>slling-l-bounces@majordomo.valenciacc.edu]
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>I.Zwitserlood<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent<st1:PersonName w:st="on">:</st1:PersonName></span></b>
09 January 2008 08<st1:PersonName w:st="on">:</st1:PersonName>26<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To<st1:PersonName w:st="on">:</st1:PersonName></span></b>
A list for linguists interested in signed languages<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject<st1:PersonName w:st="on">:</st1:PersonName></span></b>
Re<st1:PersonName w:st="on">:</st1:PersonName> [SLLING-L] Plain verbs in signed
languages</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
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12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Dear Scholastica,<br>
<br>
Uou touch on an important issue here. It seems as if "plain verbs" in
a sign language are taken to be a fixed group of verbs that never show any
agreement, whereas "agreement verbs" do show agreement and
"spatial verbs" also show agreement, though in a different way from
agreement verbs. However, it is also observed that verbs that are reported
(e.g. in the literature or dictionaries) to be "agreement verbs" are
used without showing agreement (viz. there is a lot of variability in the use
of agreement). E.g. In discourses in Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT) we
sometimes see verbs that can show agreement, used without agreement or only
carrying a subset of the possible agreement markers. Sometimes they are
accompanied by an auxiliary carrying the agreement marking, but not always.
Also we see that verbs that are reported to be "plain verbs"
sometimes do show agreement. It is by no means clear when, how and why the
agreement marking varies, no systematic studies have been done on NGT so far.
During the CISLR conference in <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Cologne</st1:place></st1:City>
last year Diane Lillo-Martin and Adam Schembri also report unexpected agreement
patterns in ASL (children) and Auslan (adults), respectively.<br>
I'm not sure whether this answers your question, but I think it is important to
notice that the issue of sign language agreement is by no means clear yet and
needs a lot more study. As you plan to do. Good luck!<br>
<br>
Inge Zwitserlood<br>
<st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Radboud</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType>
<st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Nijmegen</st1:place></st1:City><br>
<br>
<br>
At 17<st1:PersonName w:st="on">:</st1:PersonName>53 8-1-2008, you wrote<st1:PersonName
w:st="on">:</st1:PersonName><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Hi everyone,<br>
<br>
I think I need to rephrase my question. Sorry for any misunderstandings caused.
<br>
<br>
I tried to adopt Padden's (1983, 1988) verb classification for my HKSL data.
Yet I want to clarify the notion plain verbs. I wonder if what have been called
plain verbs may not be really "plain" in terms of morphology (e.g.
verb agreement, aspect, etc) when more studies are done on ASL and other signed
languages. <br>
<br>
Did anyone observe that the so-called plain verbs may actually be marked with
morphemes in signed languages?<br>
<br>
Scholastica <br>
<br>
<b><i><span style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>"Mark A.
Mandel" <mamandel@ldc.upenn.edu></span></i></b> wrote<st1:PersonName
w:st="on">:</st1:PersonName><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>"Scholastica" (Nini Hoiting?) wrote<st1:PersonName
w:st="on">:</st1:PersonName><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>#I am a research student
who works on <st1:place w:st="on">Hong Kong</st1:place> Sign Language. My focus
of <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>#study is verbs. I would
like to confirm if plain verbs are generally<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>#unmarked for verb agreement and spatial locations.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Dan Slobin answered<st1:PersonName w:st="on">:</st1:PersonName><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>#By defnition, a
"plain verb" is one that cannot move in space, and so it<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>#cannot mark agreement
and spatial locations in itself. But in many sign<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>#languages (including
Sign Language of the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Netherlands</st1:place></st1:country-region>,
Taiwanese Sign<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>#Language, and others),
there are "auxiliary" verbs that accompany a "plain"<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>#verb. Such accompanying
verbs do move in space to indicate relations such<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>#as source-goal, agent-patient, and so forth.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Denise Wetzler added<st1:PersonName w:st="on">:</st1:PersonName><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>#In American Sign
Language, verbs move. The movement itself contains a great<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>#amount of information.
If want to show that I will go from my house to the<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>#bank and then to the
library, these three locations are first established in<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>#the signing space. How I
sign the verb 'go-to' then will show where I<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>#started from; went to; and where I ended up. [...]<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>It's essential to know
what Scholastica means by "plain verb". Dan is evidently <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>assuming that S. has the same definition for it that
he does. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>A sign that does not move
in space can nevertheless mark agreement with a <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>spatial location, by its
orientation and possibly its location as well. Example<st1:PersonName w:st="on">:</st1:PersonName>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>ASL PITY (open-8
handshape, palm toward object, middle finger repeatedly <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>bending).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Clarification of Denise's
answer<st1:PersonName w:st="on">:</st1:PersonName> in ASL, *many* verbs move
[in space], but by <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>no means all of them.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>-- Mark A. Mandel<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Linguistic Data Consortium, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Pennsylvania</st1:PlaceName></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>SLLING-L mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>SLLING-L@majordomo.valenciacc.edu<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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