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<DIV>Hello Odd-Inge,</DIV>
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<DIV>there is a dedicated section by Ronice Mueller de Quadros on the use of questions as commands in Brasilian Sign Language in the volume "Interrogative and negative constructions in sign languages", and as far as I remember, some other authors in this volume have also commented on the use of questions as commands, though more briefly.</DIV>
<DIV>In "<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Tahoma size=2>Indo-Pakistani Sign Language Grammar: A Typological Outline" (article in Sign Language Studies), I mention imperatives in Indo-Pakistani Sign Language, of which there are 3 in the positive and one in the negative:</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Tahoma size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV>- positive imperative with bare predicate sign, nonmanuals and eye contact</DIV>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">- particle for neutral positive imperative, distant force<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">- particle for nonpolite positive imperative, immediate force<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">- particle for negative imperative</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">I don't know any study exclusively dedicated to imperatives in any sign language, so I guess all you can find is such bits and pieces here and there... You may also find lessons in teaching materials on commands...</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Ulrike</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Prof. Ulrike Zeshan<BR>Director, International Centre for Sign Languages and Deaf Studies<BR>Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences<BR>Livesey House, LH212<BR>University of Central Lancashire<BR>Preston PR12HE, UK<BR><A href="mailto:uzeshan@uclan.ac.uk">uzeshan@uclan.ac.uk</A><BR>Ph. +44-1772-893104<BR></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
<DIV><BR><BR>>>> Odd-Inge Schröder <o.i.schroder@isp.uio.no> 18/04/2008 12:55 >>><BR>Hello,<BR><BR>The authors Baker and Cokely in their American Sign Language I-V <BR>(1980:V:139) mentioned imperative or command in the following sentences:<BR><BR>”In general, commands are sentences that order the Addressee to do <BR>something. Although there has been little study of commands in ASL, we <BR>do know that they are usually indicated by stress (emphasis) on the verb <BR>and usually direct eye gaze on the Addressee. This stress usually <BR>involves making the sign faster and sharper. As explained in the section <BR>on Transcription Symbols, we indicate that a sign is stressed by writing <BR>an asterisk (*) after the sign”.<BR><BR><BR><BR>I cannot believe that in all the years since 1980 there has not been any <BR>research on commands or imperative in ASL or in other sign languages? I <BR>have not found anything in the International Bibliography of Sign Language.<BR><BR><BR><BR>I still hope that there is somebody who can help me with references to <BR>books and papers?<BR><BR><BR><BR>Best regards,<BR><BR>Odd-Inge Schroder,<BR>Associate professor, cand.philol.<BR>Department of Special Needs Education<BR>Signing and interpreting section<BR>University of Oslo<BR><BR><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>SLLING-L mailing list<BR>SLLING-L@majordomo.valenciacc.edu<BR><A href="http://majordomo.valenciacc.edu/mailman/listinfo/slling">http://majordomo.valenciacc.edu/mailman/listinfo/slling</A>-l<BR><BR></DIV></BODY></HTML>