<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;">SignWriting List<div>August 22, 2023</div><div><br>
<div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div>Begin forwarded message:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;"><span style="font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);"><b>From: </b></span><span style="font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Language Learning and Technology <llt@hawaii.edu><br></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;"><span style="font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);"><b>Subject: </b></span><span style="font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>[LLT] New content available - Vol. 27, Issue 1</b><br></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;"><span style="font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);"><b>Date: </b></span><span style="font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif;">August 21, 2023 at 5:04:04 PM PDT<br></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;"><span style="font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);"><b>To: </b></span><span style="font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif;">llt-l@lists.hawaii.edu<br></span></div><br><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><h1 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:24pt;margin-bottom:6pt"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Language Learning & Technology</span></h1><h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:18pt;margin-bottom:4pt"><a href="https://www.lltjournal.org/" style="text-decoration:none" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:18pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">New content available - Vol. 27, Issue 1</span></a><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></h2><h1 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:24pt;margin-bottom:6pt"><span style="font-weight:normal" id="m_-8814830191061773950gmail-docs-internal-guid-02649117-7fff-1d9c-3bbc-22b69c9fba0b"><br><div style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">New Article</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><font size="4"><span style="font-family: ArialMT;">Shin, D., & Chon, Y. V. (2023). Second language learners’ post-editing strategies for machine translation errors.<span class="gmail-Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;">Language Learning & Technology</span><span style="font-family: ArialMT;">,<span class="gmail-Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic;">27</span><span style="font-family: ArialMT;">(1), 1–25. <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10125/73523">https://hdl.handle.net/10125/73523</a></span></font></div><br><div style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Abstract</span></div><div style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Considering noticeable improvements in the accuracy of Google Translate recently, the aim of this study was to examine second language (L2) learners’ ability to use post-editing (PE) strategies when applying AI tools such as the neural machine translator (MT) to solve their lexical and grammatical problems during L2 writing. This study examined 57 students’ MT output and post-edited (PEd) texts to analyze MT errors and the PE strategies that L2 learners employed to express target meaning. The MT errors occurred from mistranslation, missing words, ungrammaticality, and extra words. To modify the MT sentences, the learners employed PE strategies such as deletion, paraphrase, and grammar correction. Successfulness of PE was gauged by comparing sentence adequacy scores of the MT output and PEd texts. The results of the study highlight that L2 proficiency influences the learners’ ability to deploy appropriate PE strategies. The taxonomy of MT errors and PE strategies provides a model for understanding the competence required as part of the new writing ability in the AI era. Implications are discussed as to how L2 learners are required to be trained in using MT by detecting MT errors and deploying appropriate PE strategies.<br><br></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Keywords</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-style: italic; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">: Machine translation, Post-editing, Errors, Sentence adequacy </span></div><br><div style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Language(s) Learned in This Study</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-style: italic; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">: English</span></div></span></h1></div><div><div dir="ltr"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Noto Sans", "Noto Kufi Arabic", -apple-system, system-ui, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">________________________________________________________________________</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Noto Sans", "Noto Kufi Arabic", -apple-system, system-ui, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Dorothy Chun and Trude Heift<br style="box-sizing:border-box"><em style="box-sizing:border-box">Editors in Chief</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Noto Sans", "Noto Kufi Arabic", -apple-system, system-ui, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Philip Hubbard, <em style="box-sizing:border-box">Associate Editor</em><br style="box-sizing:border-box">Jim Ranalli, <em style="box-sizing:border-box">Associate Editor</em><br style="box-sizing:border-box">Meei-Ling Liaw, <em style="box-sizing:border-box">Associate Editor</em><br style="box-sizing:border-box">Lara Lomicka Anderson, <em style="box-sizing:border-box">Associate Editor<br></em>Hayo Reinders, <em style="box-sizing:border-box">Associate Editor<br></em>Jonathon Reinhardt, <em style="box-sizing:border-box">Associate Editor<br></em>Shannon Sauro, <em style="box-sizing:border-box">Associate Editor<br></em>Nina Vyatkina, <em style="box-sizing:border-box">Associate Editor</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; font-family: "Noto Sans", "Noto Kufi Arabic", -apple-system, system-ui, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Becky Dingle,<em style="box-sizing:border-box"> Managing Editor</em><br style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://www.lltjournal.org/" style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(0,103,152)" target="_blank">Language Learning & Technology</a></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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