<div>Hi Mickey,<br><br>I’m glad you reached out since it’s such an interesting subject and kinship terms have many layers of nuance.<br><br>For example, Raute (ISO rau) kinship terms show a discourse-sensitive asymmetry in possessive marking. The term ya ‘mother’ behaves as an inalienable noun in personal narratives, where it must be morphologically possessed (e.g. dzĩ-ya ‘my mother’), though bare use is permitted in generic discourse. In contrast, paksa ‘father’—from PST *pjax—never takes possessive morphology, can be freely used without ego-anchoring, and participates in regular number marking (paksa SG, pakaal PL), with -aal functioning as a general pluralizer.<br><br>This suggests that maternal kinship is grammatically encoded as ego-relational, while paternal kinship is encoded as a socially autonomous category. It is essentially a case of "respect one’s father and I know my mother!"<br><br>Best regards,<br><br>Jana Fortier<div><br></div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div style="color:rgb(34,34,34)"><b>Best regards,</b></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34)">Jana Fortier </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34)"><br></span></div><div dir="ltr"><div><a href="mailto:jxfortier@gmail.com" target="_blank">jxfortier@gmail.com</a> <a href="mailto:jfortier@ucsd.edu" target="_blank">jfortier@ucsd.edu</a> <a href="https://ucsd.zoom.us/j/3043391783" target="_blank">https://ucsd.zoom.us/j/3043391783</a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><br></div><div><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Feb 10, 2026 at 10:43 PM Yuan-Lin Yang <<a href="mailto:firstboy11th@gmail.com">firstboy11th@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto">Dear Jana (if I may):</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Thank you very much for providing the help here. For me, the discovery was unexpected, as originally it was not my attempt to collect kinship terms. But for the next field session (probably next month) I will try to get a clear picture of it, and then consult you with the terms provided.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Sincerely,</div><div dir="auto">Mickey. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">JX Fortier <<a href="mailto:jxfortier@gmail.com" target="_blank">jxfortier@gmail.com</a>>於 2026年2月10日 週二,下午11:15寫道:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204)"><div dir="auto">Hi there, thanks for reaching out about kinship nomenclature which can be tricky. If you’re talking about forms of address, And want to know the kinship system name used, cross culturally, send us the actual terms Which are used by ego for the following – F, M, FB, FZ (Father‘s sister), MB, MZ, S, D, FBS, FBZ, MBS, MBZ, FZS, FZD, And MZS, MZD. </div><div dir="auto"><br clear="all"><br clear="all"><div dir="auto"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div style="color:rgb(34,34,34)"><b>Best regards,</b></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34)">Jana Fortier </span></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34)"><br></span></div><div dir="ltr"><div><a href="mailto:jxfortier@gmail.com" target="_blank">jxfortier@gmail.com</a> <a href="mailto:jfortier@ucsd.edu" target="_blank">jfortier@ucsd.edu</a> <a href="https://ucsd.zoom.us/j/3043391783" target="_blank">https://ucsd.zoom.us/j/3043391783</a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><br></div><div><br><div class="gmail_quote"></div></div><div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Feb 10, 2026 at 6:51 AM Yuan-Lin Yang <<a href="mailto:firstboy11th@gmail.com" target="_blank">firstboy11th@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div></div></div><div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204)"></blockquote></div></div><div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204)"><div dir="ltr">Dear Tibeto-Burmanists:<div><br></div><div>I am currently working on Taunggyi (Northern) Pa'O, a Karenic language mainly spoken in the Shan State, Myanmar. Through yesterday's field session with my consultant, I learnt that their language does not have specific kinship terms for 'cousins' or 'ego's father/mother's brother/sister's child(ren)'. Instead, they just call them 'uncle/aunt's child/son/daughter' (but they do distinguish uncles or aunts of different ages and sides). And I have also tried to check whether such a phenomenon is prevalent in TB languages with ChatGPT, yet it has only found that Burmese, Lahu, and Lepcha seem to behave in the same way.</div><div><br></div><div>Thus, purely out of interest, I would like to know if similar phonomena is also found in the languages you work on. And if your language(s) happen to be other special cases, you are welcome to share as well.</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div>Mickey,</div><div>MA student, Department of English, National Taiwan Normal University.</div></div></blockquote></div></div><div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204)">
_______________________________________________<br>
Tibeto-Burman-Linguistics mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Tibeto-Burman-Linguistics@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Tibeto-Burman-Linguistics@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/tibeto-burman-linguistics" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/tibeto-burman-linguistics</a><br>
</blockquote></div></div>
</blockquote></div></div>
</blockquote></div></div></div>