VYAKARAN: South Asian Languages and Linguistics Net
Editors: Tej K. Bhatia, Syracuse University, New York
John Peterson, University of Osnabrueck, Germany
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Dear Bob Eaton, <br>
<br>
this construction is called "stative": Ludmila Khkhlova. Stative
Participles in Western NIA Languages // Vidyopaasanaa: Studies
in Honour of Harrivallabh C.Bhayani. Mumbai-Ahmedabad, Image
Publications 1999. <br>
See also: Annie Monatau. A Grammar of Hindi, LINCOM Europa 2004, p. 103<br>
<br>
With best wishes <br>
Tatiana Oranskaia <br>
<br>
Bob Eaton schrieb:<br>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="midBAY129-DAV20DAFB0B99DC638A89D7E81F30@phx.gbl">VYAKARAN: South
Asian Languages and Linguistics Net
Editors: Tej K. Bhatia, Syracuse University, New York John Peterson,
University of Osnabrueck, Germany
Details: Send email to <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:listserv@listserv.syr.edu">listserv@listserv.syr.edu</a> and say: INFO VYAKARAN
Subscribe:Send email to <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:listserv@listserv.syr.edu">listserv@listserv.syr.edu</a> and say: SUBSCRIBE
VYAKARAN FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME (Substitute your real name for first_name
last_name)
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<div><font face="Arial" size="2">Does anyone have a reference
describing the tense/aspect/mood of the Hindi construction:</font></div>
<div> </div>
<div><font face="Arial" size="2">
<div><font face="Arial" size="2">V-PERF to.be-PERF PRES</font></div>
<div> </div>
<div><font face="Arial" size="2">Or in words: the main semantic verb
in the perfective aspect, followed by "to.be" also in the perfective
aspect, followed by a tense auxiliary. For example,</font></div>
<div> </div>
<font face="Arial Unicode MS" size="3">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';">मैंने<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';">यह<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';">काम<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';">किया<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';">हुआ</span><span
style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';">है।</span><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">mai.n-ne<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td
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valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">y-ah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td
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valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">kaam<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">ki-y-aa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td
style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(236, 233, 216) windowtext windowtext rgb(236, 233, 216); border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background-color: transparent;"
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">hu-0-aa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td
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valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">h-ai</span><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">1SG-ERG<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">PRX-sg<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">work<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td
style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(236, 233, 216) windowtext windowtext rgb(236, 233, 216); border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background-color: transparent;"
valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">to.do-PERF-msg<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td
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valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">to.be-PERF-msg<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">PRES-3sg</span><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div> </div>
</font></font></div>
<div><font face="Arial" size="2">It seems to be some form of present
perfect aspect, but I need to understand how it is different from the
regular present perfect:</font></div>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';">मैंने<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';">यह<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';">काम<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';">किया<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
lang="HI" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS';">है।</span><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">mai.n-ne<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td
style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(236, 233, 216) windowtext windowtext rgb(236, 233, 216); border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background-color: transparent;"
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">y-ah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">kaam<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(236, 233, 216) windowtext windowtext rgb(236, 233, 216); border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background-color: transparent;"
valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">ki-y-aa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td
style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(236, 233, 216) windowtext windowtext rgb(236, 233, 216); border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background-color: transparent;"
valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">h-ai</span><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: rgb(236, 233, 216) windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background-color: transparent;"
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">1SG-ERG<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td
style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(236, 233, 216) windowtext windowtext rgb(236, 233, 216); border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background-color: transparent;"
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">PRX-sg<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td
style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(236, 233, 216) windowtext windowtext rgb(236, 233, 216); border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background-color: transparent;"
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">work<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(236, 233, 216) windowtext windowtext rgb(236, 233, 216); border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background-color: transparent;"
valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">to.do-PERF-msg<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: rgb(236, 233, 216) windowtext windowtext rgb(236, 233, 216); border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background-color: transparent;"
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">PRES-3sg</span><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">I have done this work.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div> </div>
<div><font face="Arial" size="2">That is, what does the addition of
"to.be" in the perfective aspect do for it.</font></div>
<div>
<div><font face="Arial" size="2"> </font></div>
<div><font face="Arial" size="2">[I'm asking, because Kangri and
Dogri make this distinction morphologically, and I'm trying to describe
it].</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial" size="2"> </font></div>
<div><font face="Arial" size="2">Thanks in advance,</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial" size="2">Bob</font></div>
<div> </div>
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