VYAKARAN: South Asian Languages and Linguistics Net
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<div>Panini derives the adverbs from pronouns (sarva, yat, tat, kim, idam, adas...) by adding different suffixes to them under the suutras P.5.3.1-26.</div> <div> </div> <div>Examples:</div> <div> </div> <div> sarva (all) ---> sarvatra (everywhere)</div> <div> yat (which/that) ---> yatra (where = "jahaa.N")</div> <div> tat (that) ---> tatra (there="vahaa.N")</div> <div> kim (what ?) ---> kutra (where ? = "kahaa.N")</div> <div> adas (this) ---> atra (here="yahaa.N")</div> <div> </div> <div> idam (this) ---> iha (here = "yahaa.N")</div> <div> </div> <div>In oblique cases the "ya" in yah & "va" in "vah" get modified to "i" & "u" respectively which are technically called "samprasAraNa".</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div>--- Narayan Prasad<BR><BR><B><I>Bob Eaton <pete_dembrowski@HOTMAIL.COM></I></B> wrote:</div> <BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq
style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid"> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Thanks for the help with the "name this construction" question I had. Now I have a question about references related to word categories for this phenomena, which Indo-Aryan languages show us that we (or at least, I) "didn't know before".</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Specificially, I-A languages show us that there something
somehow related between these sets of words:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <TABLE class=MsoTableGrid style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1> <TBODY> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt
solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">yahaa.n<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">wahaa.n<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0in;
BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">kahaa.n<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">jahaa.n</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></div></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;
mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">PRX-LOC<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">DST-LOC<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">INTR-LOC<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid
windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">REL-LOC</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></div></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></div> <TABLE class=MsoTableGrid style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1> <TBODY> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid;
PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=IS style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-ansi-language: IS">isko<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=IS style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-ansi-language: IS">usko<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid;
PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=IS style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-ansi-language: IS">kisko<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=IS style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-ansi-language: IS">jisko<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div></TD></TR> <TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"> <TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=IS style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-ansi-language: IS">PRX-3SG-DAT<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=IS style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;
mso-ansi-language: IS">DST-3SG-DAT<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=IS style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-ansi-language: IS">INTR-3SG-DAT<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div></TD> <TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top>
<div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=IS style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-ansi-language: IS">REL-3SG-DAT<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=IS style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-ansi-language: IS"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=IS style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-ansi-language: IS">The former ones I would want to call “Adverbs</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal">” since they relate to location.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal">The latter ones I would want to call “Pronouns” since they relate to things standing for nouns.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal">Deixis works for “PRX” and “DST”, but in anyone's mind are “INTR” (interrogative) and/or “REL” (relative) related to Deixis? Or perhaps a supracategory like “exophora”?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal"> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal">But it would be nice if we had a single category that captured this similarity.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Has anyone done a good treatment of this?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-family:
Mangal"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal">Thanks in advance,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal">Bob<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div></BLOCKQUOTE><BR><p> Send instant messages to your online friends http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com