VYAKARAN: South Asian Languages and Linguistics Net
Editors: Tej K. Bhatia, Syracuse University, New York
John Peterson, University of Osnabrueck, Germany
Details: Send email to listserv@listserv.syr.edu and say: INFO VYAKARAN
Subscribe:Send email to listserv@listserv.syr.edu and say:
SUBSCRIBE VYAKARAN FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
(Substitute your real name for first_name last_name)
Archives: http://listserv.syr.edu
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML xmlns:v = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o =
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w =
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m =
"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml"><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content=text/html;charset=utf-8>
<META content="MSHTML 6.00.6000.16609" name=GENERATOR>
<STYLE>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Mangal;
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 2 3 3 2 2;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Doulos SIL";
panose-1:2 0 5 0 7 0 0 2 0 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"\@Arial Unicode MS";
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
span.EmailStyle17
{mso-style-type:personal-compose;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:windowtext;}
p.Text, li.Text, div.Text
{mso-style-name:Text;
margin-top:6.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
page-break-after:avoid;
layout-grid-mode:char;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif";}
span.MorphemeChar
{mso-style-name:"Morpheme Char";
mso-style-link:Morpheme;
font-family:"Doulos SIL";
layout-grid-mode:line;}
p.Morpheme, li.Morpheme, div.Morpheme
{mso-style-name:Morpheme;
mso-style-link:"Morpheme Char";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
page-break-after:avoid;
layout-grid-mode:char;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Doulos SIL";
layout-grid-mode:line;}
p.ExampleNumber, li.ExampleNumber, div.ExampleNumber
{mso-style-name:"Example Number";
margin-top:6.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:.5in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-indent:-.5in;
page-break-after:avoid;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
p.ConstituentLine, li.ConstituentLine, div.ConstituentLine
{mso-style-name:"Constituent Line";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
page-break-after:avoid;
layout-grid-mode:char;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";
color:#003366;}
span.GlossEnglishChar
{mso-style-name:"Gloss English Char";
mso-style-link:"Gloss English";
font-family:"Courier New";
layout-grid-mode:line;}
p.GlossEnglish, li.GlossEnglish, div.GlossEnglish
{mso-style-name:"Gloss English";
mso-style-link:"Gloss English Char";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
page-break-after:avoid;
layout-grid-mode:char;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";
layout-grid-mode:line;}
p.FreeTranslation, li.FreeTranslation, div.FreeTranslation
{mso-style-name:"Free Translation";
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:9.0pt;
margin-left:0in;
layout-grid-mode:char;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
font-style:italic;}
span.DefinedWord
{mso-style-name:"Defined Word";
font-variant:small-caps;}
span.LatinTranscription
{mso-style-name:"Latin Transcription";
font-family:"Doulos SIL";}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;}
@page Section1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:1846435008;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:-253340876 2018572710 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
@list l0:level1
{mso-level-style-link:"Example Number";
mso-level-tab-stop:.5in;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.5in;}
@list l0:level2
{mso-level-tab-stop:1.0in;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level3
{mso-level-tab-stop:1.5in;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level4
{mso-level-tab-stop:2.0in;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level5
{mso-level-tab-stop:2.5in;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level6
{mso-level-tab-stop:3.0in;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level7
{mso-level-tab-stop:3.5in;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level8
{mso-level-tab-stop:4.0in;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;}
@list l0:level9
{mso-level-tab-stop:4.5in;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0in;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0in;}
-->
</STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY lang=EN-US id=MailContainerBody
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 10px; PADDING-LEFT: 10px; PADDING-TOP: 15px" vLink=purple
link=blue bgColor=#ffffff leftMargin=0 topMargin=0 CanvasTabStop="true"
name="Compose message area">
<DIV class=Section1>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=HI style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Mangal','serif'">नमस्ते
दोसों</SPAN>, <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal>I have a question about the implications of various
constituent orders in Hindi. <o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal>The following example (from T. Mohanan 1994) is considered to
be the normal “unmarked” (or “canonical”) order for constituents in Hindi (where
S=Subject/<SPAN lang=HI style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Mangal','serif'">कर्ता</SPAN>,
O=Object/<SPAN lang=HI style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Mangal','serif'">कर्म</SPAN>,
IO=Indirect Object, and V=Verb/<SPAN lang=HI
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Mangal','serif'">क्रिया</SPAN>):<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="WIDTH: 363.75pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse"
cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=485 border=0>
<TBODY>
<TR style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 35.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=47 rowSpan=5>
<P class=ExampleNumber><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1.<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><o:p> </o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 294.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=392 colSpan=6>
<P class=Text><B><SPAN lang=HI style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">इला ने अनु को हार
भेजा।</SPAN></B><o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=36>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>ilaa<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=36>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>ne<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=36>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>anu<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 31.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=42>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>ko<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 58.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=78>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>haaɾ<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 123.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=164>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>bhej-0-aa<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 5.65pt; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=36>
<P class=GlossEnglish>Ila<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=36>
<P class=GlossEnglish><SPAN class=DefinedWord><SPAN
lang=IS>erg<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=36>
<P class=GlossEnglish>Anu<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 31.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=42>
<P class=GlossEnglish>DAT<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 58.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=78>
<P class=GlossEnglish>necklace<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 123.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=164>
<P class=GlossEnglish>send-<SPAN class=DefinedWord><SPAN
lang=IS>perf</SPAN></SPAN>-ms<o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 5.65pt; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 0.75in; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=72 colSpan=2>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ S }<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 58.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=78 colSpan=2>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ IO }<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 58.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=78>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ O }<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 123.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=164>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ V
}<o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 294.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=392 colSpan=6>
<P class=FreeTranslation>Ila sent Anu a/the
necklace<o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal>Notice how the object can have either a definite or
indefinite interpretation (i.e. “a necklace” or “the necklace”). She
suggests that if you move the object from this “canonical” position, it loses
the indefinite interpretation:<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="WIDTH: 363.75pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse"
cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=485 border=0>
<TBODY>
<TR style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=47 rowSpan=5>
<P class=ExampleNumber><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">2.<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><o:p> </o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 328.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=438 colSpan=8>
<P class=Text><B><SPAN lang=HI style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">इला ने हार अनु को
भेजा।</SPAN></B><o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 27.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=37>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>ilaa<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=36>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>ne<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 0.85in; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=82 colSpan=3>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>haaɾ<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 31.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=42>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>anu<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 33.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=44>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>ko<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 148.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=198>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>bhej-0-aa<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 5.65pt; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 27.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=37>
<P class=GlossEnglish>Ila<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=36>
<P class=GlossEnglish><SPAN class=DefinedWord><SPAN
lang=IS>erg<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 0.85in; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=82 colSpan=3>
<P class=GlossEnglish>necklace<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 31.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=42>
<P class=GlossEnglish>Anu<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 33.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=44>
<P class=GlossEnglish>DAT<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 148.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=198>
<P class=GlossEnglish>send-<SPAN class=DefinedWord><SPAN
lang=IS>perf</SPAN></SPAN>-ms<o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 5.65pt; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 54.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=73 colSpan=2>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ S }<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 0.85in; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=82 colSpan=3>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ O }<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 0.9in; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=86 colSpan=2>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ IO }<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 148.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=198>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ V
}<o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 328.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=438 colSpan=8>
<P class=FreeTranslation>Ila sent Anu the/*a necklace<o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=47 rowSpan=5>
<P class=ExampleNumber><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">3.<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><o:p> </o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 328.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=438 colSpan=8>
<P class=Text><B><SPAN lang=HI style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">हार इला ने अनु को
भेजा।</SPAN></B><o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 0.85in; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=82 colSpan=3>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>haaɾ<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 27.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=37>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>ilaa<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=36>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>ne<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 31.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=42>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>anu<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 33.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=44>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>ko<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 148.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=198>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>bhej-0-aa<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 5.65pt; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 0.85in; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=82 colSpan=3>
<P class=GlossEnglish>necklace<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 27.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=37>
<P class=GlossEnglish>Ila<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 27pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=36>
<P class=GlossEnglish><SPAN class=DefinedWord><SPAN
lang=IS>erg<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 31.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=42>
<P class=GlossEnglish>Anu<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 33.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=44>
<P class=GlossEnglish>DAT<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 148.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=198>
<P class=GlossEnglish>send-<SPAN class=DefinedWord><SPAN
lang=IS>perf</SPAN></SPAN>-ms<o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 5.65pt; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 0.85in; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=82 colSpan=3>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ O }<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 54.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=73 colSpan=2>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ S }<SPAN class=DefinedWord><SPAN
lang=IS><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 0.9in; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=86 colSpan=2>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ IO }<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 148.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=198>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ V
}<o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 328.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=438 colSpan=8>
<P class=FreeTranslation>Ila sent Anu the/*a necklace<o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR height=0>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=47></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=37></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=36></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=9></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=37></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=36></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=42></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=44></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=198></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal>Notice in these two examples that the interpretation of
necklace must be definite (i.e. “the neckless”).<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal>She then goes on to say that this “shift from canonical
position” will do the same thing to the subject. For which she gives the
following two examples:<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="WIDTH: 397.5pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse"
cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=530 border=0>
<TBODY>
<TR style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 36.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=48 rowSpan=5>
<P class=ExampleNumber><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">4.<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><o:p> </o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 361.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=482 colSpan=12>
<P class=Text><B><SPAN lang=HI style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">सुनार ने अनु को हार
भेजा।</SPAN></B><o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 0.95in; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=91 colSpan=3>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>sunaaɾ<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 29.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=40>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>ne<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 31.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=42 colSpan=2>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>anu<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 36.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=48>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>ko<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 67.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=91 colSpan=3>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>haaɾ<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 127.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=170 colSpan=2>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>bhej-0-aa<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 5.65pt; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 0.95in; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=91 colSpan=3>
<P class=GlossEnglish><SPAN lang=IS>goldsmith<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 29.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=40>
<P class=GlossEnglish><SPAN class=DefinedWord><SPAN
lang=IS>erg<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 31.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=42 colSpan=2>
<P class=GlossEnglish>Anu<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 36.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=48>
<P class=GlossEnglish>DAT<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 67.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=91 colSpan=3>
<P class=GlossEnglish>necklace<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 127.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=170 colSpan=2>
<P class=GlossEnglish>send-<SPAN class=DefinedWord><SPAN
lang=IS>perf</SPAN></SPAN>-ms<o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 5.65pt; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 98.15pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=131 colSpan=4>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{
S }<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 67.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=90 colSpan=3>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ IO }<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 67.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=91 colSpan=3>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ O }<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 127.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=170 colSpan=2>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ V
}<o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 361.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=482 colSpan=12>
<P class=FreeTranslation>The/?a goldsmith sent Anu a/the
necklace<o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 36.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=48 rowSpan=5>
<P class=ExampleNumber><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">5.<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><o:p> </o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 347.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=463 colSpan=11>
<P class=Text><B><SPAN lang=HI style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">अनु को हार सुनार ने
भेजा।</SPAN></B><o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=18>
<P class=MsoNormal> </P></TD></TR>
<TR style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 33.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=45>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>anu<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 30.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=41>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>ko<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 61.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=82 colSpan=3>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>haaɾ<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 71pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=95 colSpan=3>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>sunaaɾ<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 22.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=31>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>ne<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 128.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=171 colSpan=2>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>bhej-0-aa<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=18>
<P class=MsoNormal> </P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 5.65pt; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 33.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=45>
<P class=GlossEnglish>Anu<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 30.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=41>
<P class=GlossEnglish>DAT<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 61.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=82 colSpan=3>
<P class=GlossEnglish>necklace<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 71pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=95 colSpan=3>
<P class=GlossEnglish><SPAN lang=IS>goldsmith<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 22.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=31>
<P class=GlossEnglish><SPAN class=DefinedWord><SPAN
lang=IS>erg<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 128.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=171 colSpan=2>
<P class=GlossEnglish>send-<SPAN class=DefinedWord><SPAN
lang=IS>perf</SPAN></SPAN>-ms<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=18>
<P class=MsoNormal> </P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 5.65pt; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 63.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=85 colSpan=2>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ IO }<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 61.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=82 colSpan=3>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ O }<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 93.95pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=125 colSpan=4>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{
S }<SPAN class=DefinedWord><SPAN
lang=IS><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 128.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=171 colSpan=2>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ V
}<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=18>
<P class=MsoNormal> </P></TD></TR>
<TR style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 347.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=463 colSpan=11>
<P class=FreeTranslation>The/*a goldsmith sent Anu the/*a
necklace<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=18>
<P class=MsoNormal> </P></TD></TR>
<TR height=0>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=48></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=45></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=41></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=6></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=40></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=36></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=6></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=48></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=41></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=31></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=19></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=152></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"
width=18></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal>My question is, I think it’s the choice of subject noun that
is causing this effect and I think if it were a different noun which more
readily lent itself to indefiniteness, this final example could have an
indefinite subject interpretation. Maybe since goldsmiths aren’t that common,
they don’t easily lend themselves to being indefinite (notice in (5) that she’s
not even sure the indefinite interpretation is possible when it’s in the
sentence-initial position; by having put the “?” in front of the indefinite “a”
interpretation).<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal>So, my question is, if she had used “child” (son or daughter)
instead of “goldsmith” would the indefinite interpretation still be
possible:<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="WIDTH: 397.5pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse"
cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=530 border=0>
<TBODY>
<TR style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 40.25pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=54 rowSpan=5>
<P class=ExampleNumber><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">6.<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><o:p> </o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 357.25pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=476 colSpan=6>
<P class=Text><B><SPAN lang=HI style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">अनु को हार बेटे ने
भेजा।</SPAN></B><o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 33.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=45>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>anu<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 28.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=37>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>ko<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 62.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=83>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>haaɾ<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 37.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=50>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN lang=IS
style="COLOR: red">be</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red">Te</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
class=LatinTranscription><SPAN lang=IS
style="COLOR: red"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 0.5in; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=48>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>ne<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 159.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=213>
<P class=Morpheme><SPAN class=LatinTranscription><SPAN
lang=IS>bhej-0-aa<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 5.65pt; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 33.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=45>
<P class=GlossEnglish>Anu<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 28.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=37>
<P class=GlossEnglish>DAT<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 62.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=83>
<P class=GlossEnglish>necklace<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 37.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=50>
<P class=GlossEnglish><SPAN lang=IS
style="COLOR: red">son<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 0.5in; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=48>
<P class=GlossEnglish><SPAN class=DefinedWord><SPAN
lang=IS>erg<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 159.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=213>
<P class=GlossEnglish>send-<SPAN class=DefinedWord><SPAN
lang=IS>perf</SPAN></SPAN>-ms<o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 5.65pt; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 61.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=82 colSpan=2>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ IO }<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 62.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=83>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ P }<o:p></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 73.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=98 colSpan=2>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ A }<SPAN
class=DefinedWord><SPAN lang=IS><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 159.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; HEIGHT: 5.65pt"
vAlign=top width=213>
<P class=ConstituentLine>{ V
}<o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.05in; PADDING-LEFT: 0.05in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; WIDTH: 357.25pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in"
vAlign=top width=476 colSpan=6>
<P class=FreeTranslation>The/a son sent Anu the/*a
necklace<o:p></o:p></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal>That is, is it possible that if Anu had multiple sons, and
the speaker and hearer <I>weren’t </I>already talking about any of them, could
this sentence mean that one of her sons sent it to her?<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal>You could Imagine this conversation between two friends of
Anu who are looking at her from across a room, who both know her very well and
know that she has 3 sons (AND discussed without a hint of <SPAN class=ehm><SPAN
class=ehm0 title="Search ईर्ष्या" style="CURSOR: pointer">ईर्ष्या
:-)</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=HI style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Mangal','serif'">सहेली
</SPAN>1: Wow, look at the necklace and earrings that Anu has on! They’re
beautiful!<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=HI style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Mangal','serif'">सहेली
</SPAN>2: Yes they are. <B><SPAN lang=HI
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Mangal','serif'">उस</SPAN></B><B><SPAN
lang=AR-SA style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Mangal','serif'">को हार बेटे ने
भेजा</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=HI
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Mangal','serif'">।</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=HI
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Mangal','serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal>Can this just mean “one of her sons sent it”?<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal>I do agree that if you put <SPAN lang=AR-SA
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'">हार</SPAN><SPAN lang=AR-SA
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Mangal','serif'"> </SPAN>farther to the left in the
sentence (as in 2 and 3), that it does not allow an indefinite interpretation,
but I feel like moving something to the position just before the verb does not
preclude the indefinite interpretation.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>Or even if
indefiniteness is not possible, it seems to me that</FONT> <SPAN lang=HI
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Mangal','serif'">सहेली </SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>2's reply
would have to be as given above, because both "her" and "necklace" are known
discourse entities, whereas the son has yet to be talked about. It seems to me
that the Principle of Natural Information Flow (known information first,
followed by unknown information ) would prefer the order with the subject
last...</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT size=3></FONT> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal>Thanks for any feedback you have,<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal>Bob<o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P></DIV></BODY></HTML>