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<div align="left"><font face="Calibri" color="#008000" size="6"><span style=" font-size:24pt"><b>World Wide Words</b></span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:0.00mm; margin-bottom:2.11mm;"><font face="Arial" color="#008000">
<span style=" font-size:12pt"><i>Issue 887: Saturday 19 July 2014</i></span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:0.00mm; margin-bottom:10.55mm;"><font face="Calibri" color="#008000">
<span style=" font-size:13pt"><b>A plain text version of this mailing is attached.<br />
This issue is also available </b></span></font><a href="http://wwwords.org/fpdj"><font face="Calibri" color="#0000ff"><span style=" font-size:13pt">
<b><u>online</u></b></span></font></a><font face="Calibri" color="#008000"><span style=" font-size:13pt"><b>.</b></span></font></p>
<div align="left" style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:6.33mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Calibri" color="#008000" size="4">
<span style=" font-size:14pt"><b>Feedback, Notes and Comments</b></span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">
<b>Formatted emails</b></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> The majority of comments on the new
format came from readers who favoured continuing with it,
some preferring it even over the older version that came in an
attachment. The general view was “whatever works for you”.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">However, it’s clear that matters are less simple than I thought. A
minority of subscribers object to any use of HTML in email.
Some told me they were happy to read formatted text in blogs
and online but not in email. A few use email programs that
aren’t easily able to handle formatted mail. As plain-text email
isn’t as dead as I thought it was, I have returned to sending out
newsletters in both formats, but with a different system.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">Some readers reported that long lines made the text unreadable.
The line length in the current formatted version isn’t set by me
but is determined by the width of the frame in which the
message is displayed. To make the lines the length you want,
reduce the width of the viewing area and the text should reflow
accordingly.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">
<b>File</b></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> Robert Rosenberg wrote, “You mention an office spike. In
the States that was called a spindle, as in IBM’s famous
admonition regarding their punchcards: ‘Do not fold, spindle, or
mutilate’.”</span></font></p>
<div align="left" style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:6.33mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Calibri" color="#008000" size="4">
<span style=" font-size:14pt"><b>Wordface</b></span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">
<b>Getting ahead of yourself</b></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> Many of us are procrastinators,
putting off inescapable tasks as long as possible. At
Pennsylvania State University, David Rosenbaum and
colleagues Lanyun Gong and Cory Adam Potts have carried out
experiments they have written up in the July issue of
</span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Psychological Science</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">. These suggest that we often work the
other way round, doing jobs earlier than needed in order to get
them out of the way, even if this means additional effort. The
researchers have called it by the invented term </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>precrastination</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">.
This might seem desirable, but it can be a disguised form of
procrastination, by which we tire ourselves out doing trivial and
non-urgent tasks that we think of as clearing the decks before
getting down to the really important stuff. </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">
<b>Down these mean streets</b></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> American lexicographer Erin
McKean sent me a word she spotted in the </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>New York Times</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">
recently: </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>noirchaeologist</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">, a blend of </span><span style=" font-size:13pt">
<i>noir</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> and </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>archaeologist</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">
that’s easier to say than it looks. It was created by, and is almost
the personal property of, the San Francisco reporter Eddie
Muller. Among his other interests he’s a film historian
fascinated by </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>film noir</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">, the dark Hollywood genre of the 1940s
and 1950s. He founded the Film Noir Foundation, which is
dedicated to finding and restoring vintage examples of film noir
and making them publicly available once again.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">
<b>How’s that again?</b></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> Dr Alexander Baratta of the school of
education at Manchester University recently discussed his
research into why people change their natural accent and how it
makes them feel. Many modify it to counter prejudice but this
can lead to them feeling like fakes and that they’ve somehow
sold out. They can lose a sense of where they belong, which Dr
Baratta calls </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>linguistic homelessness</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">, a term first used by the
Russian scholar Mikhail Bakhtin. Dr Baratta used </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>accentism</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> to
describe discrimination on the grounds of accent, which he
argues needs to be fought as much as racism or sexism. It’s is
known to academic linguists — it can be traced back at least to
the middle 1980s — but it’s rarely found outside the field, so
press comment has suggested wrongly that it’s new and some
have disparaged it as a fake </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>-ism</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">.</span></font></p>
<div align="left" style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:6.33mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Calibri" color="#008000" size="4">
<span style=" font-size:14pt"><b>Bounding main</b></span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Arial Black" color="#008000">
<span style=" font-size:12pt"><b>Q.</b></span></font><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt"> </span><span style=" font-size:13pt">
<i>From Kathleen Watness</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">: In the phrase </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>over the bounding
main</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">, what is a </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>main</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> and where does it come from? And why
</span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>bounding</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">? I came across an exchange about a song lyric and
what the words actually meant. It got to be a heated discussion.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Arial Black" color="#008000">
<span style=" font-size:12pt"><b>A.</b></span></font><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt"> The song that was being discussed was presumably this, a
children’s song written under a pseudonym by the British
organist and composer James Frederick Swift:</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:10mm; margin-right:13mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:12pt">Sailing, sailing over the bounding main
<br />
Where many a stormy wind shall blow<br />
’Ere Jack comes home again.</span></font></p>
<div align="left" style="margin-left:10mm; margin-right:13mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:1.06mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia" color="#006000">
<span style=" font-size:11pt"><i>Sailing, Sailing</i></span><span style=" font-size:11pt">, by Godfrey Marks, 1880.</span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">It’s clear enough from this and other examples that it means the
open ocean. But as you say, it’s odd: why should </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>main</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> be the sea
and why should it bound? That’s enough to arouse disputation,
though it might not be worth fisticuffs. The puzzle isn’t easy to
resolve because no reference book that I have consulted explains
it. Perhaps their editors think it’s self-evident?</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">
<i>Main</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> first. One sense, known from the 1550s, was of
“mainland”, as in a famous passage by John Donne:</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:10mm; margin-right:13mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:12pt">No man is an island entire of itself; every man is a piece
of the continent, a part of the main; if a clod be washed
away by the sea, Europe is the less.</span></font></p>
<div align="left" style="margin-left:10mm; margin-right:13mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:1.06mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia" color="#006000">
<span style=" font-size:11pt"><i>Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions</i></span><span style=" font-size:11pt">, 1624.</span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">From about the same time people were also using </span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>main</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> as a
short form of </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>main sea</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">, the open sea, the part outside territorial
waters.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:10mm; margin-right:13mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:12pt">They dare not venture into the main, but hovering by the
shore, timorously sail from one place to another.</span></font></p>
<div align="left" style="margin-left:10mm; margin-right:13mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:1.06mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia" color="#006000">
<span style=" font-size:11pt"><i>Travellers Breviat</i></span><span style=" font-size:11pt">, by Giovanni Botero, translated by Richard
Johnson, 1603. I’ve slightly modernised the spelling.</span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">Both these senses are obsolete but most of us lighted upon </span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>main</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">
in childhood when reading about pirates, perhaps in sentences
like this one:</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:10mm; margin-right:13mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:12pt">His stories were what frightened people worst of all.
Dreadful stories they were; about hanging, and walking
the plank, and storms at sea, and the Dry Tortugas, and
wild deeds and places on the Spanish Main.</span></font></p>
<div align="left" style="margin-left:10mm; margin-right:13mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:1.06mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia" color="#006000">
<span style=" font-size:11pt"><i>Treasure Island</i></span><span style=" font-size:11pt">, by Robert Louis Stevenson, 1883.</span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">By “places”, we can tell Stevenson is using </span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Spanish Main</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> for
land. That was its first meaning, from the early 1700s, using
</span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>main</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> for “mainland”. The Spanish Main was the part of the
coast of America nominally under Spanish control that stretched
roughly from the isthmus of Panama to the mouth of the
Orinoco.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">However, some writers have meant by it a broad area that
includes the mainland, the adjacent Caribbean islands and the
waters around them. And confusion between the two senses of
</span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>main</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> has led to a belief that the Spanish Main is a seascape, part
of the Caribbean Sea. </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:10mm; margin-right:13mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:12pt">“Where did you break your Queen’s peace?”
<br />
“On the sea called the Spanish Main, though ’tis no more
Spanish than my doublet,” says the elder.</span></font></p>
<div align="left" style="margin-left:10mm; margin-right:13mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:1.06mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia" color="#006000">
<span style=" font-size:11pt"><i>Rewards and Fairies</i></span><span style=" font-size:11pt">, by Rudyard Kipling, 1910.</span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">The idea is supported by all those parts of ships so fondly
described in seafaring fiction: main-mast and main-course,
main-brace and main-deck. Surely </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>main</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> must be nautical?</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">We now only encounter the nautical sense of </span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>main</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> in set
expressions, of which another is </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>rolling main</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">. This is a little
older than </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>bounding main</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">, turning up first in the early
eighteenth century in translations of classical Roman authors
such as Horace and Virgil and in Pope’s translation of Homer’s
</span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Iliad</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">. It was more common than </span><span style=" font-size:13pt">
<i>bounding main</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> until about the
middle of the nineteenth century.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">
<i>Bounding</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> might mean the marking of a boundary, or somebody
leaping forward in great strides. It’s a poetic image and so may
be allowed some looseness in interpretation. But the earliest
case of </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>bounding main</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> I’ve so far uncovered suggests
movement:</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:10mm; margin-right:13mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:12pt">Fam’d Albion’s Sons, whose Rock encircling Coast,
<br />
Emblem of Virtues in your noble Race,<br />
Repels each boisterous Billow of the Deep,<br />
And stands triumphant o’er the bounding Main.</span></font></p>
<div align="left" style="margin-left:10mm; margin-right:13mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:1.06mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia" color="#006000">
<span style=" font-size:11pt"><i>The Sentiments of Truth, by Mr P———y</i></span><span style=" font-size:11pt">, reproduced in
Volume 9 (September) of </span><span style=" font-size:11pt"><i>The Poetical Calendar</i></span><span style=" font-size:11pt">, by Francis
Fawkes and William Woty, 1763.</span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">So the bounding main is the open ocean with its waves that
surge, billow and break. A later poem makes the image still
clearer:</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:10mm; margin-right:13mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:12pt">Toss’d at the mercy of the bounding main,
<br />
Now mounting high upon the billowy steep,<br />
Now plung’d in an unfathomable deep.</span></font></p>
<div align="left" style="margin-left:10mm; margin-right:13mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:1.06mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia" color="#006000">
<span style=" font-size:11pt"><i>The History of the Incas Continued</i></span><span style=" font-size:11pt">, by John Stagg, 1805.</span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">The phrase is evocative and was borrowed by other poets,
including Byron and Tennyson. Long ago it became a cliché to
be mocked:</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:10mm; margin-right:13mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:12pt">Add to this delay the deplorable fact that the bounding
main bounded that night with more than its accustomed
freedom and buoyancy, and I think I may leave the fertile
imagination of the candid reader himself to suggest
unaided the correct conclusion that we all enjoyed
thirty-six hours of almost speechless misery on the
heaving bosom of the blue Mediterranean.</span></font></p>
<div align="left" style="margin-left:10mm; margin-right:13mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:1.06mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia" color="#006000">
<span style=" font-size:11pt"><i>Eclectic Magazine</i></span><span style=" font-size:11pt">, July 1888.</span></font></div>
<div align="left" style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:6.33mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Calibri" color="#008000" size="4">
<span style=" font-size:14pt"><b>Sic!</b></span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">Anthony Shaw tells us that an article in the </span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Los Angeles Times</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">
on 13 July reported on the conflicting opinions of swimmers,
surfers and fishermen about water use after a swimmer was
bitten by a shark. The headline read: “Shark bite leaves beach
users divided”.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">On 13 July, the </span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Belfast Telegraph</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">’s website invited readers, of
whom Michael Hocken was one, to “Watch Rory [McIlroy] hit
his longest ever 430-yard drive.”</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">James Popple was listening to the PM programme on ABC radio
on 11 July and heard an interviewee say, about proposals to
compensate victims of poor financial advice: “There’s a lot of
water to go under the bridge before this structure is set in
concrete.”</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">A story on the </span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Huffington Post</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> site on 11 July presented Donald
Eckhardt with this photo caption: “The Apamea ruins were built
in Syria’s Orontes Valley under the direction of Alexander the
Great.”</span></font></p>
<div align="left" style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:6.33mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Calibri" color="#008000" size="4">
<span style=" font-size:14pt"><b>Useful information</b></span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:11pt">
<b>About this newsletter</b></span><span style=" font-size:11pt">: World Wide Words is researched, written and
published by Michael Quinion in the UK. ISSN 1470-1448. Copyediting and
advice are provided by Julane Marx, Robert Waterhouse, John Bagnall and
Peter Morris. Any residual errors are the fault of the author. The linked
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