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<div align="left"><font face="Calibri" color="#008000" size="6"><span style=" font-size:24pt"><b>World Wide Words</b></span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:0.00mm; margin-bottom:2.11mm;"><font face="Arial" color="#008000">
<span style=" font-size:12pt"><i>Issue 900: Saturday 18 October 2014</i></span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:0.00mm; margin-bottom:10.55mm;"><font face="Calibri" color="#008000">
<span style=" font-size:13pt"><b>This mailing also contains a formatted version of the text.<br />
This issue is also available </b></span></font><a href="http://wwwords.org/xxxx"><font face="Calibri" color="#0000ff"><span style=" font-size:13pt">
<b><u>online</u></b></span></font></a><font face="Calibri" color="#008000"><span style=" font-size:13pt"><b>.</b></span></font></p>
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<span style=" font-size:14pt"><b>An era ends ...</b></span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">This is the last issue of the </span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>World Wide Words</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> newsletter in its present form. It’s been fun for the
past 18 years, but writing a scheduled weekly newsletter has become increasingly arduous. After
months of indecision this issue, number 900, seemed a good point at which to stop. </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">But it’s not the end, just a change of pace — I shall go on writing pieces, just less regularly and in
smaller numbers. They will continue to be sent by email as they always have been. They will also
continue to be posted to the website and announced on Twitter, Facebook and RSS.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">So keep your subscription going. And continue asking questions, sending comments and finding
examples of awful public prose. My pieces have frequently been improved through the input of
subscribers with specialist or local knowledge and I hope this will continue. </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">There’s going to be a whiff of the experimental about the next few weeks as we all discover exactly
what I mean by “less regularly”. Stay with me to see how it works out ...</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">A particular word of thanks goes to the 373 subscribers who have been on the mailing list since it
began to be operated on a list server in December 1998 (the newsletter started in July 1996, but I
don’t have records from that early). </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">This is also an appropriate moment to thank my volunteer copyeditors, Julane Marx, Robert
Waterhouse, John Bagnall and Peter Morris. Julane, who lives in California and whom I met for
only the second time three weeks ago, has been reading drafts since 1998. All four are happy to
continue correcting my errors and omissions under the new system.</span></font></p>
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<span style=" font-size:14pt"><b>Other changes</b></span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">The redesigned website is now online. This should make it much easier to read pages on mobile
devices with small screens. I’ve removed some little-used features and simplified the site
navigation. Your comments on the new format and reports of any problems will be welcome.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">To complicate matters, the Linguist List at Indiana University, which very kindly distributes this
</span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>World Wide Words</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> newsletter without charge, has this week changed to a new system. This affects
you only if you want to change your email address or (heaven forbid) leave the list. There is now no
way to manage your subscription via the website — you must do so by email. See the end of this
newsletter for revised instructions.</span></font></p>
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<span style=" font-size:14pt"><b>Feedback, Notes and Comments</b></span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">
<b>Immensikoff.</b></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> Hilary Powers commented, “One reason for the name’s attachment may be its
appropriateness for the garment described in the quote — the greatcoat in question was clearly a
</span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>shuba</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">, a fur-lined overcoat designed for the Russian winter. I can still remember my college
Russian teacher describing such coats with wonder: ‘</span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Dazhe norka!</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">’ (‘Even mink!’) they could be
lined with, and they could almost double the size of the wearer. I got one from a thrift shop once:
outer wool as thick as a navy peacoat, then a thin layer of padding, then spotted skunk, then heavy
satin — a treasure, but no California winter was ever cold enough for it.”</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">Several readers recalled a music-hall favourite of the 1880s, words by Will Herbert and music by
Bessie Belwood (real name Kathleen Mahoney) , with the title </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>What Cheer ’Ria</i></span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt">, in which Ria (short
for Maria) splashes out a whole shilling to sit in the stalls, only to have all her pals in the gallery
mock her, “Oh ’Ria she’s a toff and she looks immensikoff”. The word clearly had an enduring
legacy in its original sense of somebody trying to rise above their station in life.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">Kathleen Dillon wondered if </span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>immenseikoff</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> was a fake Yiddish word with the intended meaning of
“big head”. That sounds highly probable, though as always the lack of evidence is a nuisance.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">Some subscribers were astonished and horrified that there were a couple of typing errors in the
piece, caused by a hasty last-minute revision. It may be hard to believe, but I do occasionally make
mistakes.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">
<b>Sic! or not?</b></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> Last week Bill Clarke reported printed instructions from a doctor: “put one drop in
the eye four times per day while awake.” This prompted physician Duncan Salmon to write, “I can
remember more than once finding out that my frazzled but compliant patient was taking the
instructions ‘every 6 hours’ or ‘four times a day’ quite literally, setting alarms at 6 and 12 am and
pm which usually woke up the spouse as well. I suspect that the ‘while awake’ phrase is a way of
avoiding this too-literal interpretation of the instructions.”</span></font></p>
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<span style=" font-size:14pt"><b>Zoilism</b></span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">A correspondent identified only as J Hooker wrote a disgusted letter to the </span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Lady’s Newspaper</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> of
London in January 1863 about slovenly and unhygienic rural servants in France:</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:10mm; margin-right:13mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:12pt">If I were to do more than hint at their hydrophobic habits, their pulicidal, pulicivorous, and
even phtheirophagous propensities, I should call down, not undeservedly, the Zoilism of our
correspondents.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">The writer — from the tone of the piece he is likely to have been Joseph Dalton Hooker, a famous
biologist — must have had an uncommonly large vocabulary, or a talent for word coining, for that
set of alliterative insults is uncommon. The first two — </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>pulicidal</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> and </span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>pulicivorous</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> — have not
reached the pages of the </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">, though their form suggests “flea-killing” and
“flea-eating”, from Latin </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>pulex</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">. The third word in the set, </span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>phtheirophagous</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">, is from Latin, based on
a Greek word that literally means louse-eating but was used figuratively for persons with unsavoury
habits. The original epithet was applied by the Roman writer Strabo to a tribe living near the Black
Sea, the Sulae, whom he disgustedly renamed the </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Phthirophagi</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">
<i>Zoilism</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> is another unfamiliar term. This is Greek and its initial capital letter gives the clue that it’s
an eponym, a noun derived from a personal name. Zoilus was a Greek grammarian of the 4th
century BC, who wrote savage criticisms of such Greek literary worthies as Homer, Plato and
Socrates. He gained the nickname </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Homeromastic</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">, one who assaults or chastises Homer.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">Writers with good Greek but poor knowledge of word histories assumed that </span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Zoilus</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> and </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Zoilism</i></span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt">
were from the Greek word for zeal. This usually means an enthusiastic devotion to something
(originally religion) but at one time could also imply jealousy or envy. This false connection caused
people to assume that critics described as </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Zoilist</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> were panning the work of others through
resentfulness or spite. </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">There having never been any shortage of critics, </span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Zoilus</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> gained the plural </span><span style=" font-size:13pt">
<i>Zoili.</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> It and the other
terms are now almost unknown, though bitter and carping criticism by envious hacks has not yet
vanished from the world.</span></font></p>
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<span style=" font-size:14pt"><b>Fish-faced</b></span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Arial Black" color="#008000">
<span style=" font-size:12pt"><b>Q.</b></span></font><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt"> </span><span style=" font-size:13pt">
<i>From Katya Epstein</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">: In the movie </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>The Producers</i></span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt">, Max Bialystock says to Leo Bloom, “Am I
correct in my assumption, you fish-faced enemy of the people?” Does </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>fish-faced</i></span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt"> have a specific
meaning, or did Brooks write this because Gene Wilder looks kind of like a fish?</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Arial Black" color="#008000">
<span style=" font-size:12pt"><b>A.</b></span></font><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt"> You may say that of Wilder. I’m staying quiet.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">It’s been a long time, I suspect, since this playground taunt, meaning that the person so described
is ugly or stupid-looking, has suggested that a person’s face literally looks like that of a fish. We
may guess it started out describing a person either with bulging eyes or a receding chin that pushed
the mouth forward..</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">I can remember it from my school days, a lot longer ago than I care to think about. But I also
associate it with P G Wodehouse and was delighted to find that the </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt">
concurs, since its only example of the insult is from his </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Stiff Upper Lip, Jeeves</i></span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt">, published in 1963:
“He’s no worse than that fishfaced blighter.”</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">However, it’s much older than that. Raymond Chandler wrote in a short story in 1938 about
“fish-faced blondes trying to shake a hangover out of their teeth.” George Orwell’s novel of 1936,
</span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Keep the Aspidistra Flying</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">, has “Flaxman was propping up the bar with two fish-faced pals who
looked like insurance-touts of the better type.” The American author and actor Emery Pottle, better
known in the movies from 1921 onwards as Gilbert Emery, wrote in a story about the theatre in
1910:</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:10mm; margin-right:13mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:12pt">It made me sore to see the fish-faced chump who had to make love to her in the piece. One
night I punched the fish-faced boy’s eye because he got too gay with her. And there was a row
and he got me fired.</span></font></p>
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<span style=" font-size:11pt"><i>Racine Daily Journal</i></span><span style=" font-size:11pt">, 30 Dec. 1910. </span><span style=" font-size:11pt">
<i>Making love</i></span><span style=" font-size:11pt"> at this date meant either flirting or courting and to be
</span><span style=" font-size:11pt"><i>gay</i></span><span style=" font-size:11pt"> was to be light-hearted, carefree or flirtatious .</span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">It’s easy to take the expression back even further. George Augustus Sala, a British journalist with a
name to remember, wrote a piece in the </span><span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Temple Bar</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> magazine in 1875 about a painting: “It was a
half length of a fish-faced gentleman, in oil”. It makes him sound like a sardine.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">All these must bow before </span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Four Plays in One</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt">, conventionally ascribed to Francis Beaumont and
John Fletcher around 1610, though scholars now doubt the former was involved. In a scene set
before the walls of Athens, the authors have the philosopher Socrates say to two captains who were
discussing executing him, “Away, ye fish-faced rascals!” </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">It’s far distant in time and context from those insults in the playgrounds of my youth, but not so far
in spirit.</span></font></p>
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<span style=" font-size:14pt"><b>Sic!</b></span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">Perpetuity isn’t what it used to be, Rob Bernstein discovered on reading an advertising email: “Buy
a one year perpetual license for Iron Speed Designer and receive an extra year of updates and
support for free!”</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">Lee Schlesinger was amused by a headline in the </span>
<span style=" font-size:13pt"><i>Boston Globe</i></span><span style=" font-size:13pt"> of 9 October: “Police detonate
ordinance handed over by Cohasett resident”. Not just breaking the law but pulverising it.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:13pt">A subscriber who perhaps ought to remain anonymous reports “An email from our company’s CEO
about a competition the company is currently running: ‘Any shops caught cheating will be
illuminated’.”</span></font></p>
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<span style=" font-size:14pt"><b>Useful information</b></span></font></div>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:11pt">
<b>About this newsletter</b></span><span style=" font-size:11pt">: World Wide Words is researched, written and published by Michael Quinion in the UK.
ISSN 1470-1448. Copyediting and advice are provided by Julane Marx, Robert Waterhouse, John Bagnall and Peter
Morris. Any residual errors are the fault of the author. The linked website is http://www.worldwidewords.org.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:11pt">
<b>Subscriptions</b></span><span style=" font-size:11pt">: To </span><span style=" font-size:11pt"><i>leave the list</i></span><span style=" font-size:11pt">, send an email from your subscribed address to
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worldwidewords-join@listserv.linguistlist.org from the address at which you want to subscribe. To </span><span style=" font-size:11pt">
<i>change your
subscribed address</i></span><span style=" font-size:11pt">, leave the list and rejoin. In each case, the subject line and body of your message will be ignored;
you will be sent a message asking you to confirm your intention. Please don’t contact me asking for changes you can
make yourself, though you can e-mail me at wordssubs@worldwidewords.org if problems occur. This newsletter is
also available on </span></font><a href="http://wwwords.org/rs"><font face="Georgia" color="#0000ff"><span style=" font-size:11pt">
<u>RSS</u></span></font></a><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:11pt"> and via </span></font><a href="http://wwwords.org/tw">
<font face="Georgia" color="#0000ff"><span style=" font-size:11pt"><u>Twitter</u></span></font></a><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:11pt"> and </span></font>
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<font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:11pt"> . Back issues for the past year are </span></font><a href="http://wwwords.org/bk">
<font face="Georgia" color="#0000ff"><span style=" font-size:11pt"><u>available here</u></span></font></a><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:11pt">.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:11pt">
<b>Email addresses:</b></span><span style=" font-size:11pt"> Comments on newsletter mailings are always welcome. They should be sent to me at
michael.quinion@worldwidewords.org. I do try to respond, but pressures of time often stop me. Items for </span><span style=" font-size:11pt">
<i>Sic!</i></span><span style=" font-size:11pt">
should go to sic@worldwidewords.org. Questions for the Q&A section should be sent to
questions@worldwidewords.org, not to me directly.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:11pt">
<b>Support World Wide Words:</b></span><span style=" font-size:11pt"> If you have enjoyed this newsletter and would like to help defray its costs and
those of the linked Web site, please visit the </span></font><a href="http://wwwords.org/st"><font face="Georgia" color="#0000ff"><span style=" font-size:11pt">
<u>support page</u></span></font></a><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:11pt">.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:0mm; margin-right:0mm; text-indent:0mm; margin-top:2.11mm; margin-bottom:0.00mm;"><font face="Georgia"><span style=" font-size:11pt">
<b>Copyright</b></span><span style=" font-size:11pt">: World Wide Words is copyright © Michael Quinion 1996-. All rights reserved. You may reproduce this
newsletter in whole or part in free newsletters, newsgroups or mailing lists or as educational resources provided that
you include the copyright notice above and give the web address of http://www.worldwidewords.org. Reproduction
of any part of this newsletter in printed publications or commercial websites requires permission from the author
beforehand.</span></font></p>
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