the verb is "to pied-pipe". the source is haj [john robert] ross's 1967 m.i.t. dissertation, "Constraints on Variables in Syntax". a wonderful piece of terminology, i've always thought - the wh word moves out of town, and takes the rest of its associated phrase along. as in [From just HOW many cities] have you been expelled ___? arnold (zwicky at csli.stanford.edu)