Tapped D symbol

[yass67@poppy.ocn.jp]

Dear Linguists,

In Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, the Tapping of T in American English is
indicated by /t / plus a small V. But it doesn't indicated the Tapping of D
in words like 'wading, ladder, rider, Adam, pudding' and so on.

Many dictionaries don't seem to indicate even the Tapping of T in the first
place. So the Tapping itself may not need to be indicated at all. The idea
can be dropped.

But if you think it is a good idea, especially for foreign learners of
American English, then, is there any idea to show not just Tapped T, but
Tapped D?  (Is it true that 'putting' can sound like 'pudding' or vice versa
(c.f. Accents of English Vol 1, 1982, JCWells, pp248 -251)? )

Or is it better to tell learners that a D sounds like an R rather than a
plosive in the environment like <Voiced and Voiceless Alveolar Plosive ->Tap
V1____V2 where V1 is stressed>? (V = vowel)

My suggestion is to add the diacritical symbol for the rhoticity of vowels
(the little 'twig' like symbol added to a schwa for "bird, nurse, stir") to
/ t, d /. Because /t / plus 'voiced' is basically /d /. Then, learners have
to know that /d / can be tapped. So there are two steps to get to the Tapped
/ t, d /. But adding a 'rhoticity' can indicate that they sound more like an
R and voiced.

Best wishes,
Yass Shoji (Mr)