The list more or less arbitrarily excludes the Scandinavian languages Not arbitrary at all... as North Gmc languages they--and the East Gmc (e.g. Gothic) did not partake of the !st or 2nd Sound Shift, which is a West Germanic Shift. Schade! _________________________________ "Raffiniert ist der Herr Gott, aber Boshaft ist er nicht" --Albert Einstein