[Ads-l] Manually--now also by foot? (UNCLASSIFIED)

[Laurence Horn]

> On Jul 22, 2015, at 11:38 AM, Mullins, Bill CIV (US) <william.d.mullins18.civ at MAIL.MIL> wrote:
> 
> CLASSIFICATION: UNCLASSIFIED
> 
> When power brakes (hydraulically assisted) brakes started to become prominent, weren't non-power brakes typically called "manual brakes"?

Indeed; and note that "manual pedal" is not a contradiction, but rather a well attested collocation.

LH
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: American Dialect Society [mailto:ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU] On Behalf Of Laurence Horn
>> Sent: Wednesday, July 22, 2015 10:13 AM
>> To: ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU
>> Subject: Re: Manually--now also by foot?
>> 
>> ---------------------- Information from the mail header -----------------------
>> Sender:       American Dialect Society <ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU>
>> Poster:       Laurence Horn <laurence.horn at YALE.EDU>
>> Subject:      Re: Manually--now also by foot?
>> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>> 
>>> On Jul 22, 2015, at 4:30 AM, Margaret Lee =
>> <0000006730deb3bf-dmarc-request at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU> wrote:
>>> =20
>>> Subaru  has released a notice to owners of their Outback, Crosstrek, =
>> and Legacy models that the vehicles' Eyesight Driver Assist System is = now a safety hazard due to a "brake lamp switch failure."  Eyesight is
>> a = safety device that is supposed to warn the driver of an imminent frontal = collision and automatically stop the vehicle. In light of this
>> safety = defect, the driver will now have to "manually apply the brake pedal,"  = according to the notice.  Does _manually_  now also mean
>> performed by = the foot?
>> 
>> If not, it sounds *extremely* inconvenient for the driver.  (But at = least for me, "manually" has already generalized to "non-automatically"
>> = or "in a one-by-one-manner" in electronic contexts, e.g. having to = change the footnote numbers in a document "manually" as opposed
>> to using = a global command. (You're still using the computer  The OED sort of = alludes to this extended use, but not as explicitly as they
>> might, in = the "later use" half of the basic definition:
>> 
>> manually, adv.
>> 1a. With or using the hand or hands; by manual operation or = intervention. In later use: by human effort rather than by automatic, =
>> electronic, etc., means.
>> 
>> And the one cite still does involve a contrast between electronic and = human energy, rather than between using a less automatized rather
>> than a = more automatized method:
>> 
>> 1991   What Personal Computer Dec. 105/3   This meant the =
>> computer-generated statement of accounts couldn't be used, and had to be = recalculated manually.
>> 
>> Is there another dictionary that contains the relevant meaning? (AHD =
>> doesn't.)  Notice that the use of "manually" I have in mind doesn't even = need to involve the use of fingers or hands on a keyboard:
>> 
>> "Hawking couldn't get the program to work, so he had to do the = computation on his laptop manually", where neither method involves
>> using = his fingers but the two differ in degree of automaticity. =20
>> 
>> LH
>> 
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