ARABIC-L: LING: More zaka:t & sha:wurma Responses

[Dilworth B. Parkinson]

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Arabic-L: Thu 15 Apr 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: zak’h & sh’wurma
2) Subject: zaka:t & sha:wurma
3) Subject: 'zaka:t' & 'shawirma'

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1)
Date: 15 Apr 1999
From: Robert Langer <rlanger at ix.urz.uni-heidelberg.de>
Subject: zak’h & sh’wurma

ad: zak’h

To quote from the standard in German orientalistics which is:

Die Transliteration der arabischen Schrift in ihrer Anwendung auf die
Hauptliteratursprachen der islamischen Welt. Denkschrift, dem 19.
internationalen Orientalistenkongreþ in Rom vorgelegt von der
Transkriptionskommission der Deutschen Morgenl”ndischen Gesellschaft:
Brockelmann, Carl; [... et al.], mit Beitr”gen v. Ronkel, Ph. S. van und
Otto Spies. [The Transliteration of the Arabic Script in Its Application to
the Main Literature Languages of the Islamic World. Memorandum Submitted to
the 19th International Congress of Orientalists at Rome by the Commission
for Transcription of the German Oriental Society: [...]]. Leipzig: Deutsche
Morgenl”ndische Gesellschaft in Kommission bei F. A. Brockhaus, 1935. 2nd
ed. Wiesbaden, 1969: (p. [25]: [Transl. Langer: ...] this submissions of the
memorandum are valid as recommendations of the International Congress of
Orientalists [1935]);

which is identical to (although the above mentioned is far more detailed):

Umschrift des arabischen Alphabets./Conversion of the Arabic Alphabet. DIN
[= German Industrial Norm] 31 635. Normenausschuþ Bibliotheks- und
Dokumentationswesen (NABD) im DIN Deutsches Institut f¸r Normung e. V. (DK
003.332.5.034/.035) [s. l.] April 1982. {= more or less: ISO/DIS 233
Documentation: International System for the Transliteration of Arabic
Characters. Revision. Draft 1975; by the way: I would like to know if more
recent ed. of this stayed the same)}.

Die Transliteration [...]: III. 5) (p. 14-15) [Transl. Langer]
"The T’` marbšTah (the t of the nominal feminine ending) [...] After long ’
it should be expressed  [...] always as -h (e. g. Sal’h, quD’h [and zak’h];
the usage to express it like Sal’t, quD’t [zak’t] a. s. o. which has become
common even in scientific papers should be dismissed!)."

ad: sh’wurma

The Arabic form sh’wurma (or sh’wirma) is of (Ottoman-)Turkish origin:
chevirme (Áevirme), verbal noun of the verb chevirmek (Áevirmek).
To quote from the standard dictionary for Ottoman Studies:

[Redhouse, Sir James/RadH’wS al-`InklÓzÓ, DjÓms]: Redhouse Yeni T¸rkÁe -
Õngilizce S–zl¸k./New Redhouse Turkish - English Dictionary. Ed.: AlkÏm, V.
BahadÏr; [... et al.] Õstanbul: Redhouse YayÏnevi, 1968; 12th ed. 1992.

p. 250:
"Áevir=ir [Áevirmek (chevirmek), in Arabic script:] ch-w-r-m-k
ch-w-y-r-m-k    ch-y-w-y-r-m-k    1. /Ï/ to turn, turn round; to rotate,
spin; to roast on the spit. [...]
Áevirme [(chevirme), in Arabic script:] ch-w-y-r-m-h    1. verbal n. of
Áevir=.    2. lamb, etc., roasted on the spit.    3. sweet made of sugar and
fruit juice. [...]"

Its the same meal as: "d–ner kebap    meat roasted on a revolving vertical
spit" (p. 311)

and the Greek "g›ros".

Robert Langer
Ruprecht-Karls Universit”t Heidelberg
Seminar f¸r Sprachen und Kulturen des Vorderen Orients, Islamwissenschaft:
Osmanistik
Sandgasse 7
D-69117 Heidelberg, Neckar

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2)
Date: 15 Apr 1999
From: MOHAMMED M JIYAD <mmjiyad at unix.amherst.edu>
Subject: zaka:t & sha:wurma

MarHaban,
The word <zaka:t> is the independent word derived from the root z-k-w, and
<zaka:h> is the dialect/spoken version of it. The most common meaning of
it is "almsgiving". As for the word <sha:warma> or <sha:wurma>, I believe
it is a word that is borrowed from Turkish.
Best.
Mohammed Jiyad

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3)
Date: 15 Apr 1999
From: akhalil at mail.bethlehem.edu
Subject: 'zaka:t' & 'shawirma'

Dear Jim,

With regard to 'zaka:t', the form ends with a -t in the construct
form but with -h pre-pausally.

As regards the word 'shawirma', the first vowel is short in
Palestinian Arabic. It could be a derivative of the verb 'shawaa",
which means 'to broil'.

Aziz Khalil

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End of Arabic-L: 15 Apr 1999