Arabic-L:LING:wine Plural

[Dilworth B. Parkinson]

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Arabic-L: Fri 16 Jul 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: wine Plural (daal/dhaal/zaal)
2) Subject: wine Plural
3) Subject: wine Plural (Tabari transliteration)

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1)
Date: 16 Jul 1999
From: Ernest McCarus <enm at umich.edu>
Subject: wine Plural (daal/dhaal/zaal)

I would like to conjecture a response to Professor Deeb's questioning
about the relationship of daal, dhaal and zaal in the colloquial Arabic of
Egypt and the Levant as reflexes of the Classical Arabic dhaal.

While the fricatives dhaal and thaa' have remained dhaal and thaa' in many
dialects, such as Bedouin, Druze, etc., they became the stops d and t in
the urban dialects of the area mentioned above in the normal evolution of
the language over the centuries.  Thus, dhahab 'gold' became dahab and
kathiir 'much' became kitiir, and the consonants dh and th were no longer
in the dialect.  In modern times the dialects have had recourse to the
Standard language for learned or scientific terms lacking in the
colloquial; since these contemporary urban dialects lack the fricatives dh
and th, they have accept these borrowings with z and s respectively for
the two fricatives.  Thus, alongside of colloquial dahab 'gold' is the
learned term mazhab 'doctrine, school', with d and z both coming from
original dh; and alongside of ktiir 'much' is 'aksariyye 'majority', with
both t and s from original th.  Further, Egyptian dakar 'male' and nitaaya
'female' contrast with the grammatical terms muzakkar 'masculine' and
mu'annas 'feminine' in showing colloquial stop vs learned fricative.

This would suggest that common items like zaki 'intelligent' are also
borrowings from the Standard language, especially since it exists beside
Egyptian zakaa' 'intelligence' with an original word-final hamza, a
clearly Standard Arabic feature.  And Egyptian laziiz 'delicious' exists
alongside of ladiid 'delicious', a street vendor's term.

Ernest McCarus

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2)
Date: 16 Jul 1999
From: MOHAMMED M JIYAD <mmjiyad at unix.amherst.edu>
Subject: wine Plural

MarHaban,
I checked Lisaan Al-Carab and could not find a plural for /nabiidh/, but
Mukhtaar Al-SaHHaaH gives /'anbidhatun/ as a plural form for it. However,
I personally have not come across this word. Usually one would see
/'anwaaCu al-nabiidh/ as the plural version.
Best.
Mohammed Jiyad

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3)
Date: 16 Jul 1999
From: Muhammad Deeb <mdeeb at gpu.srv.ualberta.ca>
Subject: wine Plural (Tabari transliteration)

Dear Dr. Weninger,

	Without meaning to be picky, the quotation from *Taariikh
	aT-Tabarii* ought to read:

		"shughiluu..."

	As no other verb form (such as, say, VIII) is being used
	except the triliteral, the past perfect will have
	to be in the passive voice.

	Don't you think?
					M. Deeb

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End of Arabic-L: 16 Jul 1999