genetiv-like Constructions in Chinook

Nenad Aliicx dio.cxiopotenca at GMX.LI
Tue Aug 8 03:44:34 UTC 2000


Here some samples , where mainly "yaka"/"iaka" is used for 
constructions similar to the genetive with "'s" in English .
It also reminds a bit to the Hungarian "-a,-ja" and the German 
"dem X sein Y" construction , where German is the only language
there which uses something which is normally called possessive 
pronouns for this construction . 

Didn't search for it yet , but I have in memory that "yaka" is 
also used where the copula-"is" would be used in English ,
which makes the "yaka-genetive-construction" ( letme call it that way)
an ambiguos construction , because it isn't clear if 

"papa yaka kamoox" means "father's dog" or "father is a dog" 
and plural marks aren't obligatory anyway according to Demers . 
"papa kamoox" would be also ambiguous , but i doubt that it 
really meant "father is a dog" in most cases . 

Didn't find a sample where "mitlite" was used for a similar construction.
Thinkable would be also a use of "poos" in a similar way as in 
Melanesian Pidgin "bilong" , but I found no samples . 

Demers, "Chinook Catechism, Dicitionary , Prayers and Hyms" 1838/39 ,
revised 1867 :

An#ate okuk iaka Sesu Kli , 
Sa#ali Tai iaka Tanas , 
Iaka chako man kopa elehi . // from the apostolic creed //

Sa#ali Tai iaka Tanas .... Gotteskind , God's child 

iakwa wawa kopa tlaska : mokamok kanewe stik olile ; 

kanewe stik olile ... die Beeren aller Bäume , all trees' beeries

iaka tluchman elip iaka iskom pi iaka potlach kopa Ata pi tlaska 
mokamok .  
"Sie , die Frau , zuerst nahm sie und sie gab Ata und sie aßen ." 
"She , the woman , firstly she took and she gave to Ata and they ate . " 

Chinook Rudiments 3rd May 1924 , Nr. 1739

kim'ta ya'ka ma'mook man , ka'kwa sahali ta'ye ya'ka sia'hooj poos
ya'ka ta'ye ko'pa oo'kook e'lehe 

"und er erschuf den Menschen , nach Gottes Gesicht um ihn als Meister 
über diese Erde (einzusetzen)" 
"and then he made the man , how god's face for he [shall be] master 
 of this earth " 

genetivähnliche Konstruktion : sahali ta'ye ya'ka sia'hooj 
( God's face , [dem] Gott sein Gesicht ) 



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