Kinkade, Dictionary of the Moses-Columbia language (nxa'amxcin)
phil cash cash
pasxapu at DAKOTACOM.NET
Thu Sep 2 19:37:33 UTC 2004
thanks for sharing your information.
yes, the cayuse are an unknown quantity, at least linguistically. they
are referred to as
weyí:letpu: (Nez Perce)
wáylatpam (Sahaptin)
háythlunci (Molala)
the reference (s)qayús is from Teit (1928:92) and is not in current
usage by any Plateau scholar today as far as i know.
present-day Cayuse recognize the Nez Perce term as Nez Perce. the
Cayuse reference for themselves, at least historically, comes from
Rigsby (1969:133): /líksiyu/ (meaning unknown). my own independent
research confirms this reference at least for stress, that is, the old
Cayuse language patterns as a trochaic stress language. i think it is
important to note that Cayuse is a linguistic isolate, though my
impression is that it is intimately linked to Penutian if ever such a
classification existed.
of couse, much of the information above comes from Stern (1996) from
the Pleateau vol. of the HBNAI 12. check it out.
later,
phil cash cash (cayuse/nez perce)
phd student in the joint prog in anthropology & linguistics
UofA, tucson
On Sep 1, 2004, at 7:36 AM, Alan H. Hartley wrote:
> David Robertson wrote:
>
> (But the general word for White people is a
> southern Interior word, sometimes said to come from Nez
> Perce: /suyapEnExw/.)
> Aoki's NP Dict. has so:ya':po: 'white man, esp. white Americans.'
>
> A word for Cayuse people is also given, /qayus/, with final stress.
> Dunno
> if this is a more or less "Indian" pronunciation. Did the Cayuse call
> themselves something like this, or is "Cayuse" an outsider name for
> them?
>
> Because the Cayuse are somewhat enigmatic (and so that you can see
> the sort of stuff I submit to the OED!), I'll append most of my slips
> (in HTML) for a revised CAYUSE entry. (The only sense the present
> edition of the OED has for the word is that of the horse.) Cites
> arranged in chronological order are the basic units of an entry in a
> historical dictionary like the OED. (By no means all of these will be
> chosen by the editors for inclusion.)
>
> Alan
>
>
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, etym.
>
> Probably ultimately from Sp. caballos ‘horses’, perhaps via Chinook
> Jargon. The Cayuse were known for their large herds of horses,
> acquired, probably indirectly, from Spanish speakers to the south. The
> forms in quots. 1827, 1841, 1843 and 1899 come through an intermediate
> interior Salishan language, the s- representing the Salishan
> nominalizing prefix; cf. Columbian Salish (s)qayús. It has been
> suggested that the name comes from Fr. cailloux ‘gravel’ (see quots.
> 1829, 1846), but that explanation is unlikely.
>
> note: based on L. Campbell Hist. Ling. (1998) 78, and Hdbk. N. Amer.
> Indians xii. (1998) 417/1
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, def.
>
> 1. a. (A member of) a native people of southern Washington and
> northern Oregon, called also *Waiilatpu. Early in the historical
> period, the Cayuse intermarried extensively with and were living with
> the Sahaptin-speaking Umatilla and Walla Walla peoples. Also as adj.
> and attrib.
>
> b. The extinct language spoken by this people, of unknown affiliation.
> Bilingualism among the Cayuse in the early 19th century led to their
> adoption of a Nez Perce dialect and the total loss of the spoken
> Cayuse language, so later references (e.g., quot. 1843) to the
> “Cayuse” language may actually be to Nez Perce. Also as adj. and
> attrib.
>
> CAYUSE OED revision, new meaning, new var.,
> antedates 1841
>
> 1814 A. Ross Fur Traders (1956) 22
>
> all the Indians were rich in horses; the Cayouses, Nez Perces, and
> other warlike tribes assemble every spring to lay in a stock of the
> favourite kamass and pelica, or sweet potatoes
>
> CAYUSE OED revision, new meaning, new var.,
> antedates 1841
>
> 1825 in Dict. Canadianisms s.v. [converts to J. McLoughlin Lett. i.
> (1941) 7]
>
> We had an account of a Battle between the Cai-ouses, Nez Perces, and
> Snakes.
>
> CAYUSE OED revision, new meaning, new var.,
> antedates 1841
>
> 1827 S. Black ms. in Hudson’s Bay Record Soc. Publ. x (1952) 223
>
> The Nez Perces Iskayouses & Walla Walla mix togeather often
>
> CAYUSE OED revision, new meaning, new var.,
> antedates 1841
>
> 1829 G. Simpson Journey to the Columbia (1947) 51
>
> The few furs collected here, are chiefly obtained from the Cayuces
>
> CAYUSE OED revision, new meaning, new var.,
> antedates 1841
>
> 1829 S. Black ms. in Hdbk. N. Amer. Indians xii. (1998) 62/2
>
> Vocabulary... Cayouse
>
> CAYUSE OED revision, new meaning, new var.,
> antedates 1841
>
> 1829 ms. in Hdbk. N. Amer. Indians xii. (1998) 475
>
> The 5th Tribe [frequenting Fort Nez Perces] Waylette or Cayouse (a
> Name given them by the People from their living amongst the Stones or
> Rocks)
>
> CAYUSE OED revision, new meaning,
> antedates 1841
>
> 1829 S. Black Fort Nez Perces Rep. (2000) 83
>
> The Waylet or Cayouse have altogeather a different Language, but there
> appears many Words borrowed from the other language (Willa Walla &c)
> or the Willa Walla &c from them
>
> CAYUSE OED revision, new meaning,
> antedates 1841
>
> 1838 S. Parker Tour Beyond Rocky Mts. 301
>
> The Cayuses are situated to the west of the Nez Percés, and very much
> resemble them in person, dress, habits, and morals.
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1841 W. Tolmie Jrnls. (1963) 337
>
> The Sicanies of the the Rocky Mountains..and the Cayuse or Wailat near
> Walla Walla are additional instances of small tribes speaking a
> language different from that of their neighbours.
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1841 W. Tolmie Jrnls. (1963) 337
>
> The Kayuses are losing their proper language and adopting that of the
> Shahaptani or Nezperces, their immediate neighbours.
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1843 T. Farnham Travels (1906) 96 [1843 pagin. 125]
>
> About three o’clock we came into the camp of a middle-aged Skyuse
> Indian
>
> CAYUSE OED revision, new
> meaning, new var.
>
> 1843 T. Farnham Travels (1906) 96 [1843 pagin. 131]
>
> He was speaking Skyuse at the top of his voice to some lazy Indians
> who were driving their cattle from his garden
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1843 J. C. Frémont Rep. 13 Oct. (1970) i. 541
>
> three Cayuse Indians appeared..bringing with them the two animals.
>
> CAYUSE OED revision, new
> meaning, new var.
>
> 1843 P. J. de Smet Letters (in R. G. Thwaites Early Western Travels
> xxvii., 1906) 377 [1843 pagination 220]
>
> also [sc. baptized] the Shuyelpi or Chaudieres, the Okinakanes,
> Cingpoils, Walla~wallas, Pierced Noses, Kayuses, Attayes, Spokanes,
> the Indians from the falls and cascades, and the Schinouks and
> Classops.
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1846 H. Hale Ethnog. & Philol. 214
>
> Waiilatpu... Cailloux, or Cayuse.
>
> CAYUSE OED revision, new
> meaning, new var.
>
> 1848 N. Wyeth let. in H. R. Schoolcraft Indian Tribes i. (1851) 224
>
> The different bands of Shoshonees are its true inhabitants, except
> below the Blue Mountains, where the Cayouses and Walla-Wallahs dwell.
>
> CAYUSE OED revision, new
> meaning, new var.
>
> 1849 A. Ross Adv. Columbia River 127
>
> The Shaw Haptens and Cajouses, with part of the Walla-Wallas, were
> armed with guns
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1853 in H. R. Schoolcraft Indian Tribes v. (1855) 652
>
> With the Cayuse, Walla-Wallas, and Waskows, the candidates for
> medicine are not always the sons of a doctor.
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1855 Reps. Railroad to the Pacific (33rd Cong., 2d sess., Senate Exec.
> Doc. 78) i. 253
>
> we were met by a delegation of Cayuse braves, sent by the chief of the
> Nez Perces
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1855 Reps. Railroad to the Pacific (33rd Cong., 2d sess., Senate Exec.
> Doc. 78) i. 416
>
> Wailatpu, or Cayuse... The tribe, though still dreaded by their
> neighbors..is but a small one... the majority being intermixed with
> the Nez Perces and Wallah-Wallahs..to such a degree that their own
> language has fallen into disuse.
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1855 Treaties (C. J. Kappler, 1904) 697
>
> Weyatenatemany, his x mark, head chief of Cayuses
>
> CAYUSE OED revision, new
> meaning, new var.
>
> 1856 Trans. Philol. Soc. London (R. Latham) 73
>
> The Sahaptin is separated by Gallatin from the Waiilatpu containing
> the Cayús or Molelé form of speech.
>
> CAYUSE OED revision, new
> meaning, new var.
>
> 1859 P. Kane Wanderings 267
>
> The Walla-Walla Indians call these the “Rocks of the Ki-use girls”
>
> CAYUSE OED revision, new
> meaning, new var.
>
> 1859 P. Kane Wanderings 279
>
> The Ky-use..resemble the Walla-Wallas very much
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1871 Overland Monthly vii. 349/1
>
> The Umatillas, Walla Wallas, and Cayuses, not on the reservation, are
> scattered along the Columbia..and subsist by fishing, hunting, and
> root-digging.
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1874 R. Glisan Jrnl. Army Life 316
>
> The following tribes in Washington Territory and Eastern Oregon, are
> hostile:—the Cayuses, Clickitats, Yakimas, Chowchillas, Yumatillas,
> Walla Wallas and Pelouses.
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1877 A. Gatschet in Mag. Amer. Hist. i. 166
>
> The Cayuses are rapidly assimilating, or identifying themselves, with
> the Walawalas on and around Umatilla Agenc
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1877 W. Jackson Desciptive Catalogue 83
>
> The natives of Oregon, east of the Cascade Range, who have not usually
> been included in the Sahaptin family, are divided..into the Wascoes,
> extending from the mountains eastward to the John Day River, and the
> Cayuses from this river across the Blue Mountains to the Grande Ronde.
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1891 J. W. Powell Indian Ling. Families of Amer. 128
>
> The others, though presumably of Cayuse blood, speak the Umatilla
> tongue.
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1907 F. W. Hodge Hdbk. Amer. Indians i. 224/1
>
> The Cayuse have always been noted for their bravery.
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1952 J. Swanton Indian Tribes N. Amer. 455
>
> The Cayuse were reputed one of the most warlike tribes of Washington
> and Oregon.
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1964 Southwest Jrnl. Anthropol. xx. 45
>
> Before 1800 the Cayuse left the parent Molala group and came north and
> east
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1964 Southwest Jrnl. Anthropol. xx. 47
>
> The Cayuse were the pre-eminent traders east of the Dalles... Their
> large herds of horses and trade therein led to the term “cayuse” being
> applied to the typical Plains Indian pony.
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1969 O. W. Johnson Flathead & Kootenay 268
>
> they passed on through the country of the hostile Blackfeet..to build
> their mission among the Cayuses and Nez Perces
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1977 C. F. Voegelin & F. M. Voegelin Classif. World's Langs. 287
>
> Formerly Cayuse and Molale were thought to be closely related sister
> languages.
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1997 L. Campbell Amer. Indian Langs. 121/2
>
> Cayuse is extinct and extremely poorly attested.
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1998 Hdbk. N. Amer. Indians xii. 61/2
>
> The lexical resemblances that Cayuse shared with Molala may reflect
> their prior contiguity
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1998 Hdbk. N. Amer. Indians xii. 397/2
>
> In late June most of the Cayuse..crossed the Blues into the Grande
> Ronde.
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1998 Hdbk. N. Amer. Indians xii. 403/1
>
> By a Cayuse wife he had three sons
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1999 M. Mithun Langs. Native N. Amer. 375
>
> Cayuse was assumed for a time to be related to the Molala language
>
> CAYUSE OED
> revision, new meaning
>
> 1999 M. Mithun Langs. Native N. Amer. 375
>
> Cayuse phonetics appear to have been complex.
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