Elizabeth, What you say about communicative purpose reminded me of Keith Basso's work with the Western Apache, in particular _Wisdom Sits in Places_. Cheers, Phil Young, Professor Emeritus Department of Anthropology 1218 University of Oregon Eugene, OR 97403 Office phone: (541) 346-5117 Office fax: (541) 346-0668 pyoung at uoregon.edu