[gothic-l] Re: Gothic (oldest attestation of Germanic)

[Tore Gannholm]

Keth,
Here is a list of the oldest known runes.
Die ältesten bekannten Runeninschriften
Die beiden ältesten Runeninschriften von schwedischem Gebiet hat man auf
Gotland gefunden, Moos aus dem 3. Jahrhundert und Kylver, die in das 4.
Jahrhundert datiert werden.
Man meint, daß die Runen unter dem Vorbild der lateinischen und
griechischen Kursivschrift entstanden, wahrscheinlich während des ersten
Jahrhunderts nach dem Beginn unserer Zeitrechnung, vermutlich in einem
pontischen Milieu am Schwarzen Meer bei den Germanenstämmen, die sich
während dieser Zeit in diesem Gebiet bewegten, unter anderem den Goten. Die
ältesten Runenfunde wurden auf den damaligen Aufenthaltsplätzen der Goten
im Weichselgebiet und dessen Ausläufern im Norden, nämlich Gotland,
aufgefunden. Von diesen ältesten Funden bilden die fünf Speerspitzen von
Stabu, Moos, Dahmsdorf, Kowel und Rozwadow eine typologisch einheitliche
Gruppe, die mit Ausnahme der stark durch Feuer geschädigten von Stabu einen
deutlichen pontischen Einschlag durch Silbertauschierung und Verzierung
aufweisen.
Tore

>
>But it is also incorrect to say that the earliest Scandinavian runic
>inscriptions are from the 3rd century. First of all the Illerup
>inscriptions are ca. 200 AD, and you can expect accurate dating
>here because several of the weapons had wooden handles as well as
>sheaths. (and wood is good for C14) But there was also a spearhead
>(or lance point) found at ØVRE STABU in "Østre Toten" (Norway) in
>1890. It had the inscription:
>
>                   r a u n i j a R.
>
>The spear point is 28 cm long, and there are 8 runes that are read from
>left to right. As I already mentioned, I read in Tineka Looijenga's
>doctoral dissertation over the weekend, and she mentions the ØVRE STABU
>spearhead on page 79 of her thesis. (Something which might be useful
>for you to know, since I did not find a subject-index that was included
>with the thesis. It therefore took me a considerable amount of time
>to orient myself)
>
>Looijenga then writes that the ØVRE STABU inscription is the oldest
>one, and dates from the second century. She also says the ØVRE STABU
>spearhead is of the "Vennolum" type. (anybody able to describe that
>term more accurately?), which is interesting, because the 3 Danish
>spearheads that bore runic inscriptions were ALSO of the Vennolum
>(=Typ 15, in Ilkjær et al. cf. Vol. 1, pp. 95-109) On page 105,
>Vol. 1, you see a very clear drawings of the two inscribed Illerup
>lancepoints that had runic inscriptions. The Cat. labels are IMZ
>and INL. (these just for possible later reference)
>
>I also distinctly remember Looijenga mentioning the date 160 AD
>for the ØVRE STABU lance point. i.e. definitely 2nd century.
>(see if you cannot find the reference to 160 AD on page 79 at
>http://www.ub.rug.nl/eldoc/dis/arts/j.h.looijenga/) The runes
>are in so called "tremolo" style.
>
>What I wanted to discuss with you was exactly this ØVRE STABU
>inscription "raunuijaR".  Note the combination -ij-. That is
>supposedly something very special. The stem "raun" is far
>easier and probably has to do with a verb that means "to test".
>and then the -aR suffix is of course merely the masc. sg. nominative
>ending. They compare it with ON wk.vb. "reyna" > masc. noun
>"reynir" = the tester. See Lehmann R7 "Ranja" (Router) on
>Dahmsdorf spearhead, assumed to be East Germanic. It is thought
>to be the name of the spear. (the runner, the tester).
>But what about the combination -ij-?, is it possible to
>say anything about it? Gothic has a lot of verbs on -jan.
>But the combinatin -ij- I did not find.
>
>
>Bets regards
>Keth
>
>
>
>
>
>
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