[gothic-l] Gothic and Gotlandic Sailing
Tore Gannholm
tore.gannholm at SWIPNET.SE
Sun Feb 10 11:20:16 UTC 2002
>Paul,
>
>Thank you for recommending John Haywood's book.
>It is a central one on the subject and very good.
>Of course there would be objections from people
>who think history is only about archaelogical
>evidence, as they put it. But there is much more
>to history than that.
>
>Gothically
>
>Bertil
>
It is naive to think that sails were not used in the Baltic.
What we can discus is to which extent sails were used. When rowing
was faster they used rowing. But if there was good wind they of
course used some kind of sail.
I have made relevant parts of the book "Dark Age Naval Power"
available on http://w1.855.telia.com/~u85528681/Gothic_l/
About sails one can read the following:
"Most Of the ships in this fleet were probably sailing ships as,
Tacitus tells us, the Germans used cloaks to make improvised sails to
improve the performance, and appearance, of some of their captured
Roman vessels.41 This is the earliest evidence which exists for the
use of the sail among the Germans and is discussed in greater detail
below "
"The Roman fleet had the advantage of the current but the Germans had
the wind behind them. The last point is another indicator of the
importance of sailing ships in the German fleet. "
"It is impossible to say exactly when the Germans first learned of
the sail but it was certainly in widespread use among their Celtic
neighbours by c. 100 BC. Roman naval expeditions in 12 BC, AD 5 and
AD 12 had explored the coasts of Germany and Denmark so it is
impossible that the Germans of the North Sea coast were still
ignorant of the sail in the first century AD. It is thought that the
common Germanic word segel is derived from the Celtic word seklo ).
As the word must have entered the Germanic vocabulary long before the
first century AD, this would seem to indicate that the Germans had
learned of the sail from their Celtic neighbours well before their
first contacts with the Romans. "
"The type and sophistication of a seafaring people's shipbuilding
traditions seems to be completely irrelevant to the question of the
adoption of the sail: almost anything that can float, from a log raft
to a reed boat or a dug-out canoe, can be, and has been, successfully
saildriven."
"The Franks and Saxons were also being joined by raiders from
Scandinavia, for in c. 287 Maximian defeated a force of Heruls, then
settled in Denmark, who had attacked the lower Rhine along with the
Chaibones, probably the Saxon tribe of the Aviones."
"He suggests that the structure was detachable and was set up only in
rough seas. This hypothesis has received scant attention from
maritime archaeologists, which is surprising because, if Åkerlund is
right, the limitations of the weak keel structure, as regards the
potential seaworthiness of Nydam-type ships and their ability to
carry mast and sail, have been exaggerated. Indeed, in the light of
the ship-carving from KarIby,92 it now appears certain that
Nydam-type ships did at some point in their development become
sailing ships. Unfortunately, the lack of a dating context for the
carving means that at present the time at which that occurred cannot
be determined. "
Tore
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