[gothic-l] Re: Gothic 'jah' & 'auk'

[llama_nom]

Ah, sorry about the repetition here - I wrote this before reading 
those other replies...  Interesting to see that this distinctive 
feature of Gothic is not so unique after all.  I didn't know till now 
about the Saxon/Low German cognates.  I wonder if Finnish JA "and" 
was taken from Germanic at some point - or is this pure coincidence?

Llama Nom


--- In gothic-l at yahoogroups.com, "llama_nom" <penterakt at f...> wrote:
> Hailai allai,
> 
> There is also an Old High German JOH "and".  And according to one 
> interpretation, the word is found in a Scandinavian runic 
> inscription, on the Skodborg bracteate:
> 
> auja Alawin auja Alawin auja Alawin JA Alawid
> "good fortune / a blessing, Alawin x3, and Alawid"
> 
> Regarding Gothic JAH, Koebler suggests it is a combination of JA + -
> UH, the latter being an enclitic particle attached to the end of a 
> word to mean "and", like Lat. -que, with which I think it is 
cognate: 
> GAGGITH QITHIDUH "go and tell".  He attributes this etymology to 
> Lehmann.
> 
> The Gothic AUK seems to be less general in use than OE eac, etc.  
In 
> Gothic, the word translates Greek GAR, usually = "for" in the King 
> James Bible, and like the Greek word it comes second in the 
sentance, 
> after some initial word.  Occasional variations in word order at 
this 
> level suggest that this is not simply a slavish imitation of Greek 
> style though, but actual Gothic syntax - that's my opinion.  If 
> anyone here is familiar with Greek, by the way, I would be 
interested 
> to hear their thoughts on the use of GAR, and possible English 
> equivalents.  In the Bible, where translated by AUK (sometimes 
other 
> Gothic words are used instead), it seems to imply causation 
usually, 
> but in a very unemphatic way: "for, because, 'coz, coz you see..."  
> Gothic AUK, I think, only means "also" in a sentance-connective 
sort 
> of way: "and what's more, because besides, and here's another 
> thing/reason I've got to tell you".
> 
> I don't think AUK ever introduces a reason preceding a consequence, 
> only a reason after the consequence has already been mentioned.  It 
> might signal an afterthought, or an explanation not demanded by the 
> syntax of the preceding clause.  I can't think of anywhere it 
> means "but".
> 
> A.  Because B.
> 
> (As opposed to:
> Since A, then B
> Since A, how come B
> Because A, so B
> etc.)
> 
> As Francisc says, AUK has many cognates among the other Germanic 
> languages.  The West Germanic equivalents tend to mean "also", 
while 
> in Norse it early became a simple conjunction, taking over from 
*and-
> , as well as having the more emphatic use "also".
> 
> Llama Nom
> 
> 
> 
> --- In gothic-l at yahoogroups.com, "Francisc Czobor" 
<fericzobor at y...> 
> wrote:
> > Dear Sigi,
> > 
> > Swedish "och", Danish "og", Norwegian "og", Icelandic "og" are 
> > related to German "auch", Dutch "ook", but also to Gothic "auk" 
> > = "furthermore, moreover, besides, for, but, also, since" (which 
> > reflects the original form also for the other Germanic 
languages). 
> > The Common Germanic *auk is related to the Gothic verb 
> aukan "become 
> > greater, increase", from an Indo-European base "*aweg-, *wo:g-, 
> *aug-
> > , *ug-,".
> > 
> > Francisc
> > 
> > --- In gothic-l at yahoogroups.com, "Sigi Vandewinkel" 
> > <sigivandewinkel at y...> wrote:
> > > Hello all, 
> > > 
> > > I don't know about the gothic "jah" (perhaps related to 
> Latin "ac"? 
> > > I'm guessing on this one), but at least in West Germanic 
> languages, 
> > > the words for "and" share a common source: 
> > > 
> > > English: and (OE: and)
> > > German: und (ohg: unta/unti)
> > > Dutch: en (Mediaeval form end(e))
> > > Old Saxon: endi
> > > 
> > > My etymological dictionary tells me these words are related to 
> > > Sanskrit átha ("thereafter, thereupon") and Avestian "ada" 
> ("also")
> > > 
> > > Today's Scandinavian languages also share a common word 
> > > (Swedish "och", Danish "og", Norwegian "og", Icelandic "og"). I 
> > think 
> > > these words are related to German "auch", Dutch "ook" 
> > > (meaning "also", cfr. Chaucerian "eek"), but again this is 
> nothing 
> > > more than a guess. 
> > > 
> > > Tata, 
> > > 
> > > Sigi Vandewinkel



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