"yesterday"

[llama_nom]

--- In gothic-l at yahoogroups.com, OSCAR HERRERA <duke.co at s...> wrote:
> doesnt af mean before as a cognate before other words....so i 
thought it mught mean af before and day dag ,before today or perhaps 
fauradag....im new to the computer so by replying directly to you 
means your the only one reading it...if so how am i to send my 
queries to everyone.....oscar


> fauradag

Maybe, although by analogy with 'afardags', I wonder if the word 
*'fauradags' (if it was used) might have meant "the previous 
day", "the day before" (i.e. before another day, not necessarily 
yesterday).  Of course, since it's not recorded in the Gothic texts 
that are currently known about, we can't know for sure.


> doesnt af mean before as a cognate before other words

I can't think of a word where 'af' appears as a prefix 
meaning "before".  If that's what you're asking?  A "prefix" is 
something attached to the beginning of a word, for example 'to-' in 
the English word 'today', or 'ex-' in 'example', or 'afar' in 
Gothic 'afardags'.

I don't know what you mean by "cognate" here.  To me, "cognate" 
refers to words that have a common origin in some ancestral 
language.  For example, English 'day' is COGNATE with 
Gothic 'dags'.  They each come from the hypothetical Proto Germanic 
*'dagaz'.  (Historical linguists use an asterisk to show that a word 
or word-form is not actually recorded, excepts as a modern 
reconstruction.)  You can also used the word 'cognate' as a noun and 
say: "The English word 'day' and the Gothic word 'dags' are 
COGNATES."

If you're curious about the meaning of 'af' "off", "away" or any 
other word you might find these dictionaries useful:

http://www.koeblergerhard.de/publikat.html 
http://www.wulfila.be/lib/streitberg/1910/
http://www.geocities.com/velikovski_project/dictionairygothicgerman.h
tml
http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/germanic/language_resources.html

Here you can also browse lists of compound words where 'af' is a 
prefix.  In some, the meaning may diverge a bit from that of 'af' 
when used as a preposition, 
e.g. 'afetja' "glutton", 'afdrugkja' "drunkard".  Is the prefix 
suggestion that these people have gone "off" from the correct course 
in life, that they have moved "away" from decent and respectable 
behaviour?  Or does it indicate a lost verb *'afetjan' "to eat all 
up", "to gobble up", colloquially "to polish off"?  In other words, 
it's the food that's gone away.  In favour of this idea is the fact 
that 'afhvapjan' is "to choke", "to suffocate" (and thereby 
do "away" with).  Then there is a verb 'anadrigkan' "to get drunk" 
(see Ephesians 5,18).  As a preposition, the basic meaning of 'ana' 
is "on", "onto", but as a prefix it's often more abstract.



> im new to the computer so by replying directly to you means your 
the only one reading it...if so how am i to send my queries to 
everyone.....oscar


Ah, you have my sympathies then: I'm not too clever with computers 
myself!  Don't worry, this last message of yours should have reached 
everyone, because I'm reading it on the Yahoo Groups website [ 
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/gothic-l/ ].  Personally, I read and 
reply to messages using the website, but you can also receive them 
as e-mails.  I don't know which method you use?

Anyway, I probably didn't explain myself well enough.  I didn't mean 
to say that you shouldn't post messages to the whole group.  Of 
course you can!  I just suggested that you could change the "subject 
line" (that's the title of each message), if you wanted to make it 
clear to us that you were starting a new topic.  This is 
the "subject" in the box at the top of the e-mail; or on the 
website, it's the title that you click on to view the message.  When 
you reply, it appears in a separate box, above the box where the 
message is.  To change it, just move the cursor over it, click on 
the box, then delete it with the "delete" key or the "backspace" key 
on your keyboard.

You might also be able to send a completely new message to the group 
address.  Or, if you want to start a new topic, you could go to the 
website (sign in) and click on "post".

To delete a large amount of text (a lot of words), for example 
somebody else's previous message if that's not important to what you 
want to write about, then you can move the cursor over it, hold down 
the (left) button on the mouse, or near the touchpad, or whatever 
you're using, and then move the mouse over it.  This makes a solid 
block of colour appear round the letters.  Experiment until you have 
that coloured block around the words you want to delete, then 
press "delete" in your keyboard.  Please excuse me if this sounds 
really patronising, or if I've misunderstood your question.  As I 
say, I'm not very good with computers and often need people to 
explain things to me.  And if this is all much too complicated and 
my explanation is too confusing, don't worry about that either.  It 
doesn't really matter in the scheme of things.

Llama Nom




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