Basque <ibili>

[Rick Mc Callister]

>No problem to change it a little:

>>  What about being 'bil' a loan from Gaulish?
>>      PIE *kwel-  > Cel *kwi:l-   > Gaul *pi:l  > ! >  bask. bil
>>   cf PIE *penque > Cel *kwinkwe  > Gaul *pimpetos (ordinal)

>1) Regarding the semantics:
>    Remember that the Celts were famous for their cartwright-technique.
>2) Regarding the phonetics: loans are often changed to the next native sound
>    available. Listen to a Bavarian trying to spell "German"! He most times
>    will change the [dzh-]>[tsh-] (cave any Bav. reading here!).

	I have some /tc^@m at n/ friends :>

>   Of course the i-prefixed verbform is an argument /against/ borrowing from
>   Celtic.

	Maybe, maybe not. The prefix could have been added after borrowing
--but ask a specialist in Basque, don't take my word on it
	Risking the wrath of Larry Trask :> (who unlike me, has a
reputation in linguistics to maintain);
	you may wish to consider the following notes (keeping in mind that
any errors in copying are my own)
	see Basque ekarri "to bring" Basque ekarri; < Pre-Basque *e-kaR-i
[lt/B]
PN263 *kar- "to twist, to turn, to wind" [b/k], see IE *(s)ker- "to jump,
to move in circles"? [p/IE]
maybe "to turn > to return s.t. > to bring s.t." [mcv]
	Celtic carru, carricare, see Basque ekarri "bring, carry"; [wje]
	carry English and Basque ekarri [rmcc]
Eng. carry is of French-Romance origin: Latin carrus, carruca = cart,
carriage. My Latin dictionary says both are of Gallic origin. see Fr.
charrier. Original meaning: transport by cart. [es]
	carpentum "two-wheeled wagon" Gaulish > Spanish carpintero
"carpenter" [abi 4], French charpentier "carpenter" [wde 188-89]; < ? carru
[rmcc]
	carru Gaulish "cart" > Spanish carro "cart" [abi 4]; char artisan
term French; from Gaulish [cb62: 13]
	carro "car, cart" Spanish/Portuguese; from Celtic [jng]; carrum
Celtic > French char "cart" [mh 241]
	carruca Gaulish > French charrue [wje 188-89]; charrue agricultural
word French; from Gaulish [cb62: 13]
	carrum Romance < Celtic [wje 183]
	carrus "cart" Latin; from Celtic [nv 75-76]
	carrus Italian < Celtic [bm66: 25]
	carrus "4-wheeled covered wagon" Latin; from Celtic [lrp 53]; carro
Spanish; from Celtic [rks 12-13]

	etorri "to come" Basque; < Pre-Basque *e-toR-i [lt/B]
PN149 *tyar- "to advance to or toward an end or a goal; to attain or
achieve a goal, to reach, to come to, to arrive at; to master, to become
master of" [b/k; mcv]
	see Gaelic tar "come" [rmcc]
	tar, tair "come, get", plural tagaigí Gaelic; tagann "comes",
tiocfaidh "will come", thiofadh "would come"
	see Basque etorri "to come" [rmcc]
	e-torr-i; root torr Basque [es]
	see IE *ter@, tr@, tra@ > trâ "to cross over, pass through,
overcome"; Germanic *thur-ila > Old English thyr(e)l, thy:rel "hole <
boring through"; Old English thurh, thuruh "thorough, through" < IE
*tr at -kwe; Greek -tar "overcoming"; see Latin trans "across, over, beyond,
through" < ? *trâre "to cross over"; Latin trux < truc- "overcoming,
powerful" < IE *tru-k-; Iranian thrâya "to protect" < *trâ-yo [cw]
	see IE *tragh-, *dhragh- "to draw, pull, move"; IE dhreg- "to draw,
glide" [cw]; i.e. "to make pass through/over" [rmcc]
	see IE *ter- base of derivatives for "peg, post, boundaries,
marker, goal"; see Latin terminus "boundary marker" < IE *ter-men [cw] i.e.
"thing to be passed" [rmcc]
	see IE *dhers- "to venture, be bold" [cw} i.e. "to pass a limit" [rmcc]
	see IE *der-, *dr- "to run, walk, step" [cw]
	see IE *dhregh ":to run" [cw]
	see IE *dhwer- "door, doorway" [cw]; i.e. "thing passed
through/over" [rmcc]

	Abbreviations supplied upon request