French Academy sees linguistic diversity endangering national identity
Dennis Baron
debaron at illinois.edu
Sat Jun 21 18:32:07 UTC 2008
There's another new post on the Web of Language:
French Academy sees linguistic diversity endangering national identity
Right after the French Academy strongly denounced a constitutional
revision recognizing linguistic diversity as part of France’s
heritage, the French Senate voted 2-to-1 to kill the measure.
Article 1 of the French Constitution defines France as an indivisible,
secular, democratic republic. On May 22, the French National Assembly
voted all-but-unanimously – there was one negative vote – to modify
that formula by adding the nation’s many local languages to the short
list of constitutionally-protected civic virtues: “[France’s] regional
languages belong to its patrimony.”
But on Monday the Académie Française rejected any attempt to
constitutionalize local languages as “an attack on French national
identity.” Article 2 of the French Constitution clearly states, “The
language of the Republic is French.” As the Academy reads it, the
national identity can only be expressed through French.
While France has always been a linguistically-diverse country – the
nation is even named after the Franks, a medieval Germanic tribe – the
French government has often denied that heritage, preferring the myth
of one nation speaking one language.
After the French Revolution, the government actively sought to
eradicate local patois, replacing them with French. But at the start
of World War I, French army officials were shocked to discover that
many of their new recruits still could not understand the language of
command (as Monty Python might have asked, how do you say, “Run away,”
in French?). By 1930, one quarter of the French were still speaking a
regional language, and even today, a good 10 million of France’s 60
million residents don’t speak French at home.
Not counting the languages of immigrants, there are 29 local languages
spoken in the Hexagon, as the French call mainland France. (Another
45 or so native languages are spoken in current French territories and
in its former colonies.) According to Ethnologue, the regional
languages of France include Alemannisch, or Aslatian (1.5 million
speakers); Auvergnat, or Occitan (1.3 million); Breton (500,000);
Provençal (250,000); Romani (about 50,000); Corsican (340,000) and
Yiddish (numbers not available).
Historically, students in French schools were punished for speaking
Breton, Alsatian, and Occitan (while speakers of Yiddish were simply
deported), and France is one of the few nations refusing to sign the
European Union’s charter giving legal rights to minority-language
speakers. . . . .
read the rest of this post on the latest example of French
protectionism on the Web of Language
DB
____________________
Dennis Baron
Professor of English and Linguistics
Department of English
University of Illinois
608 S. Wright St.
Urbana, IL 61801
office: 217-244-0568
fax: 217-333-4321
www.illinois.edu/goto/debaron
read the Web of Language:
www.uiuc.edu/goto/weboflanguage
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