[lg policy] bibitem: High-Stakes Tests and Educational Language Policy in Japan: An Analysis of the National Center English Test from the Viewpoint of Education for International Understanding

[Harold Schiffman]

High-Stakes Tests and Educational Language Policy in Japan: An
Analysis of the National Center English Test from the Viewpoint of
Education for International Understanding

TESOL Journal
Vol. 2, pp. 175-188
(c)2010
http://www.tesol-journal.com

Abstract
Deepening international understanding is one of the most important
educational language policies for high schools in Japan. However, the
possibility of the negative washback effect of university English
entrance examinations on the implementation of the policy has been
raised. Therefore, this study analyzed the National Center Tests--the
highest-stakes form of university entrance examinations--from the
viewpoint of education for international understanding since washback
is generated by test content. A careful consideration was given to
both interrater reliability and inner reliability throughout the
analysis. The results of this study indicated that only a few
particular topics and nations appeared in the tests. This result
suggests that high school students might be able to develop only a
part of their international understanding. However, those who attempt
to go on to national or municipal universities need to take individual
national/municipal university tests as well. Therefore, the content of
these tests also has to be analyzed. Furthermore, the objectives of
university English entrance examinations should be analyzed from the
viewpoint of education for international understanding

More at: http://www.tesol-journal.com/PDF/A12V2_TESOL.pdf

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