[lg policy] Kyrgyzstan: Uzbek-Language Schools Disappearing

Fri Mar 8 15:27:33 UTC 2013

Originally posted to Eurasianet.org

Kyrgyzstan: Uzbek-Language Schools Disappearing
March 6, 2013 - 11:20am

Children sing in a Kyrgyz-language kindergarten in Barskoon, located
on Kyrgyzstan’s Lake Issyk-Kul, in February 2013. Most schools teach
in Kyrgyz or Russian, while Uzbek-language schools are becoming fewer,
dropping from 141 Uzbek schools in 2002 to 91 schools in 2012. (Photo:
David Trilling)

Among the numerous recent hardships endured by Uzbeks in southern
Kyrgyzstan, the closure of Uzbek-language schools ranks among the most
discouraging. Uzbek schools were already starved of funding before the
outbreak of inter-ethnic violence in southern Kyrgyzstan in 2010,
during which Uzbeks suffered disproportionately. But the closure rate
has accelerated over the past two-plus years.

“A human should be educated in his or her native language, and then in
other languages. Every year the number of Uzbek schools is
decreasing,” said Izatilla Rahmatillaev, the head of Law & Order, a
legal-support non-governmental organization (NGO) in Osh, Kyrgyzstan’s
southern capital. “Today, constitutional norms in relation to the
Uzbek minority are not respected.”

Over the past decade, the number of students enrolled in
Uzbek-language schools – where Uzbek is the primary language of
instruction – has fallen by over 60 percent. Officials contend Uzbeks
are choosing to send their children to Kyrgyz schools to learn the
state language. They also claim that Uzbeks themselves are requesting
the conversion of schools from Uzbek to Kyrgyz. But many Uzbeks
counter that no one sought their input, and tell EurasiaNet.org they
are opting for Russian-language schools, rather than Kyrgyz-language.

“Ethnic Uzbek parents are outraged,” said Rahmatillaev, himself an
ethnic Uzbek. He added that many are afraid to complain, even though
their children are at a disadvantage.

Developments in the Nookat District, southwest of Osh, reflect the
school-closure trend. Seven Uzbek schools in the district were
converted in 2012, according to Abdumitalip Payazov, the deputy head
of the Education Department there. Out of 109 schools in Nookat, 13
continue to offer instruction primarily in Uzbek, he added. “Most
likely, in the coming years they will be converted into Kyrgyz, too,”
Payazov said. “Parents want their children to be educated in Kyrgyz,
so they will have employment opportunities in the future to work in
government.”

Madina Akhmezhanova, a young Uzbek mother of two, is among those who
are grappling with the new reality. She has decided to enroll her
six-year-old son, who will start school this September, in a Russian
school, rather than an Uzbek one, because she expects the nearby Uzbek
school will be closed within a few years, interrupting her son’s
education.

She also believes that an education in Russian will present her son
with more opportunities than one in Kyrgyz. “Many Uzbeks are trying to
get out of this country, to obtain Russian citizenship because there
is no future here for the Uzbek language and Uzbeks,” said
Akhmezhanova, a housewife from Osh. Her concerns appear justified:
Gulmira, a cloth trader in Osh, says her 13-year-old son is struggling
since his Uzbek-language school was suddenly converted to Kyrgyz last
year.

Kyrgyzstan’s constitution guarantees minorities the right to study in
their native tongue. Uzbeks, the largest minority, comprise
approximately 14.4 percent of Kyrgyzstan’s population, according to
the latest census, which lists 22 minorities. On a practical level,
Kyrgyz officials are unable to develop curricula in all minority
languages. Currently, schools operate in Kyrgyz, Russian, Uzbek and a
few part-time in Tajik.

According to the State Statistics Committee, 106,577 children attended
141 Uzbek schools in 2002. In 2012, there were 40,833 children
attending 91 Uzbek schools. At the same time, the number of mixed
schools is growing, going from 96 in 2002 to 135 in 2012. And the
number of Russian schools increased from 143 in 2002 to 203 in 2012.

Russian is Kyrgyzstan’s “official” language, giving it status on a par
with Kyrgyz, the “state” language. Uzbek has no official status in
Kyrgyzstan, and there are no longer any higher education programs
offered in the Uzbek language.

Kyrgyz education officials and politicians try to frame the school
conversion issue in benevolent terms. For example, Kerez Zhukeeva, a
spokesperson for the Ministry of Education, described conversion as “a
positive step because parents think about the future of their
children.”

Abdimitalip Satybaldiyev, the head of the Ata-Meken Party in Osh, also
supports switching Uzbek-language schools to Kyrgyz, but emphasizes
that it should be voluntary. “If parents want to have a good future
for their children, they must take their children from Uzbek schools
so that they can get educated in Kyrgyz or Russian. This will help a
new generation enter universities without problems and then work in
various fields, including government,” he said.

In the Uzbek neighborhoods of Osh, school conversions seem to be
deeply unpopular. Many say that arguments about government
opportunities are hollow and that state posts are closed to Uzbeks,
even if they speak fluent Kyrgyz. Some blame Kyrgyz nationalism, which
has surged since the 2010 violence. And Kyrgyz have long dominated
local government, even though ethnic Uzbeks comprise about 36.5
percent of the population of Kyrgyzstan’s south.

Tavakkalhan Kamilova, a teacher from Uzbek-language School No. 94 in
the outskirts of Osh, says that few Uzbeks want their children to
attend Kyrgyz schools and that many, regardless of ethnicity, are
dreaming about leaving impoverished Kyrgyzstan. For that, an education
in Russian is considered the best choice. “Uzbeks prefer to send their
children to Russian-language schools,” said Kamilova. “But even Kyrgyz
parents prefer that their children attend Russian-language schools so
that in the future they can continue their education in Russia.”

http://www.eurasianet.org/node/66647?utm_source=Weekly+Digest&utm_campaign=3b14635e4a-my_google_analytics_key&utm_medium=email

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