Morphological negation and causation on the same side of the stem

[Emily M. Bender]

Dear LINGTYP,

I have a question pertaining to languages which express both
negation and causation through inflection on the verb, and which
furthermore puts the exponents of both on the same side of the stem.
WALS suggests that at least 67 languages have morphological
expression of both negation and causation (combining WALS
features 111 and 112).  I don't know from WALS how many put
them both to the same side of the stem.  Assuming that at least
some do, I am curious to know, for those languages:

a) the order of these two morphemes fixed
b) if both caus > neg and neg > caus semantic orders (scopes)
are allowed
c) if surface morpheme order corresponds to semantic scope

Even more specifically, a language that allows both orders
and has the semantics follow the morpheme order in both cases,
would be of greatest interest.

Thanks,
Emily

--
Emily M. Bender
Associate Professor
Department of Linguistics
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