[Lingtyp] Proto-World explains universals

[Peter Bakker]

Dear Martin and all,


I think it was in this book from 2007:

The Genesis of Grammar
A Reconstruction
Bernd Heine and Tania Kuteva

that Heine & Kuteva used grammaticalisation to reconstruct a kind of Proto-World. For instance, simplified, we know that all (etymologizable) adpositions in the languages of the world are derived from either nouns or (serial) verbs, therefore the original language had nouns and verbs. It is a while ago that I read the book, but I think that was one of the points they made.

Peter Bakker

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Fra: Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> på vegne af Haspelmath, Martin <haspelmath at shh.mpg.de>
Sendt: 20. januar 2020 18:45
Til: LINGTYP LINGTYP <LINGTYP at LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG>
Emne: [Lingtyp] Proto-World explains universals

Dear all,

Does anyone know a case where it has been proposed (or suggested) concretely that an observed universal tendency (or absolute universal) is due to inheritance from Proto-World?

Cysouw (2011: 417) has suggested this as a possibility:

"It is possible that there are still founder effects available in the current distribution of the world’s languages, i.e., that there are preferences in the current world’s languages that go back to incidental events during the spread of languages over the world (Maslova 2000)."

But while this is logically possible, are there any concrete suggestions with a global scope?
Word order universals such as the Greenbergian correlations, or phonological universals such as vowel dispersion cannot be due to Proto-World (or some other founder effect), because the universality lies in the implicational patterns, not in specific structures that all languages share. Has anyone suggested that any other universal properties (e.g. the fact that all languages can express negation or questions, or that agent-patient organization is universal, or that all languages have recursion) may be due to Proto-World inheritance?

Thanks,
Martin

************

References:
Cysouw, Michael. 2011. Understanding transition probabilities. Linguistic Typology 15(2). 415–431.
Maslova, Elena. 2000. A dynamic approach to the verification of distributional universals. Linguistic Typology 4. 307 – 333.



--
Martin Haspelmath (haspelmath at shh.mpg.de<mailto:haspelmath at shh.mpg.de>)
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10
D-07745 Jena
&
Leipzig University
Institut fuer Anglistik
IPF 141199
D-04081 Leipzig
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