[Lingtyp] Truth markers

[Jesse P. Gates]

In Mandarin, 真 zhēn 'true' becomes an intensifier like 'very' in
expressions like 真快 zhēn kuài 'very fast', 真聪明 zhēn cōngmíng 'very smart',
etc.

--
Best regards,


*Jesse P. Gates, PhD*Nankai University, School of Literature 南开大学文学院
https://nankai.academia.edu/JesseGates

On Fri, Oct 22, 2021 at 6:42 PM Hannu Tommola <hannu.tommola at tuni.fi> wrote:

> Yes,
>
>
>
> the same development is found in Finnish: *tosin *< *tosi *‘true’.
>
>
>
> Greetings,
>
> Hannu Tommola
>
>
>
> *Lähettäjä:* Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> *Puolesta
> *Peter Arkadiev
> *Lähetetty:* torstai 21. lokakuuta 2021 21.13
> *Vastaanottaja:* Mira Ariel <mariel at tauex.tau.ac.il>;
> LINGTYP at LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG
> *Aihe:* Re: [Lingtyp] Truth markers
>
>
>
> - ajrtallman@
>
>
>
> Dear Mira, dear colleagues,
>
>
>
> I don't remember if the development 'true' > 'however' has been mentioned
> in this discussion. There was a nice paper by Valentina Apresyan on the
> Russian "pravda" 'truth' in this respect, see
> https://publications.hse.ru/en/chapters/78449093
>
>
>
> Best regards,
>
>
>
> Peter
>
>
>
> 21.10.2021, 20:32, "Mira Ariel" <mariel at tauex.tau.ac.il>:
>
> Thanks, everyone!
>
>
>
> We know of the truth> intensifier evolution. I just had a paper on that in *Studies
> in Lg * (Bardenstein and Ariel).
>
> We argue there that you don't actually have a truth marker evolving
> directly to an intensifier, but rather, through an intermediate stage of
> what we call 'counter-loosening'. This seems to be the referential marking
> that Adam is talking about (by the way, reduplication as 'real' can be seen
> in 'salad salad').
>
>
>
> And yes, 'true' is tricky to define. We take is as something like
> 'corresponding to the relevant state of affairs', our point being that for
> the most part speakers actually mobilize this marker for OTHER discourse
> purposes (unexpectedness, agreement and more).
>
>
>
> What we're hoping to find is whether there is a typological study
> dedicated to truth markers out there. We'd like to know how prevalent it is
> in the world's languages.
>
>
>
> Thanks!
>
>
>
> *From:* Adam James Ross Tallman [mailto:ajrtallman at utexas.edu
> <ajrtallman at utexas.edu>]
> *Sent:* Thursday, October 21, 2021 5:01 AM
> *To:* LINGTYP at LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG; Mira Ariel <
> mariel at tauex.tau.ac.il>
> *Subject:* Re: [Lingtyp] Truth markers
>
>
>
> Hey Mira,
>
>
>
> Are you looking for referential modifiers or truth marking that scopes
> over predicates / whole propositions?
>
>
>
> For nouns / referential expressions in Chacobo
>
>
>
> "veridative" is marked through reduplication + -ria. For instance, *honi *'man'
> vs. *honi honi-ria *'real man' which could be used to emphasize the
> man-like properties of a person. *-ria *is a 'simulative', that by itself
> marks that something is similar to N... I don't think nominal reduplication
> occurs outside of this context.
>
>
>
> For propositions, the expression *jabija *[haβiha] 'true', is the closest
> I can think of. It is *haβi *'custom, tradition, surely, obviously' with
> (probably) *ha(a) *'yes'...
>
>
>
> But what is the main semantic test for knowing that something is a 'truth
> marker'? There are surely overlapping contexts here, but what 'true' even
> means seems like a very complicated ethnographic question ...
>
> best,
>
>
>
> Adam
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> On Thu, Oct 21, 2021 at 2:00 AM Mira Ariel <mariel at tauex.tau.ac.il> wrote:
>
> Hi,
>
>
>
> My student, Shirly Orr, and I are interested in truth markers, such as
> *true*, *real, right*.
>
> Are they frequently attested in natural languages?
>
> We're interested in etymological sources for them, as well as meanings
> they evolve to express.
>
> Any leads on literature we can dig up?
>
>
>
> Thanks,
>
> Mira Ariel
>
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>
>
>
> --
>
> Adam J.R. Tallman
>
> Post-doctoral Researcher
>
> Friedrich Schiller Universität
>
> Department of English Studies
>
> ,
>
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>
>
>
>
>
> --
>
> Peter Arkadiev, PhD Habil.
>
> Institute of Slavic Studies
>
> Russian Academy of Sciences
>
> Leninsky prospekt 32-A 119334 Moscow
>
> peterarkadiev at yandex.ru
>
> http://inslav.ru/people/arkadev-petr-mihaylovich-peter-arkadiev
>
>
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