[Lingtyp] Grammaticalization of past/resultative meaning from "stay"

[Elad Eisen]

Dear Östen, Wesley, and all,
The development (REMAIN > CHANGE OF STATE) seems to be shared by more than
one language outside of the Circum-Baltic languages, including not only
Spanish *quedar (se) *but also Italian *rimanere*, Arabic *baqiya*, and
Neo-Aramaic *pyāša*.

Some references and examples can be found in the abstract of a talk I gave,
where I suggested a grammaticalization path for the change REMAIN >
CHANGE OF STATE:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByEYwMlbX_h5ODY5b2o5enlweGRUZFN0bW8xOGpMTjRfQzFj/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0-PXh0LtFFyyIXizAWhTywoA

Elad

Eisen, E. (2019, April 8). From remain to become: a static source for
change of state verbs [Conference presentation abstract]. The International
Conference for Graduate Students on Diverse Approaches to Linguistics,
Jerusalem, Israel.

On Mon, 6 Mar 2023 at 14:00, Östen Dahl <oesten at ling.su.se> wrote:

> In many or most Circum-Baltic languages (i.e. languages spoken around the
> Baltic sea), there has been a development of verbs meaning ‘remain, stay’
> into verbs meaning ‘become’. Thus, in Swedish, “bli” can have both
> meanings, although the original one is less often found in contemporary
> language. Cf.
>
> Jag blir här ‘I will stay here’
>
> Jag blir så trött ’I am getting so tired’
>
> ”Bli” is also used as a passive auxiliary, e.g.
>
> Min artikel blev refuserad ‘My paper was rejected’
>
> This looks like an areal phenomenon going back to medieval times. “Bli”,
> which is found in all standard continental Scandinavian languages, comes
> from Middle Low German “bliwen”, but it is unclear if “bliwen” could have
> the meaning ‘become’. – Spanish “quedar” seems to be a similar case outside
> the Circum-Baltic area.
>
>
>
>    - Östen
>
>
>
> *Från:* Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> *För *Wesley
> Jones
> *Skickat:* den 6 mars 2023 01:38
> *Till:* lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org
> *Ämne:* [Lingtyp] Grammaticalization of past/resultative meaning from
> "stay"
>
>
>
> Hello all,
>
>
>
> There is a construction in Horokoi (a.k.a. Wasembo, [gsp], part of the
> Madang branch of TNG) in which a clause chain with the final verb
> "stay/exist" can have various past/resultative-like meanings. I am
> wondering where else such a construction has been found.
>
>
>
> The form is: [V-SR stay-TAM], where SR means switch reference marking
> (same-subject or different-subject). With same-subject marking, it
> literally says "I [V] and I stay"; with different-subject, it says "I [V]
> and it (impersonal) stays".
>
>
>
> So far I have found the following meanings for the construction. The
> different-subject marking tends to be associated with more distal meanings
> (past, far past, anterior).
>
>    - literal (he *built* a house and it *stayed* [didn't fall down])
>    - stative (the food *is dry*, lit. it dries and it stays)
>    - copula/stative (you *are* like me, lit. you become and you stay)
>
>
>    - Note that this meaning only occurs when the first verb is "become".
>       It does not mean "you became like me" (eventive).
>
>
>    - resultative/stative ([you hit it and] it *is broken*, lit. it breaks
>    and it stays)
>    - past (I *went*, lit. I go and I stay)
>    - far past (they [ancestors] *got* salt from trees, lit. they take and
>    it stays)
>    - anterior (I *had said* it to you, [then something else happened],
>    lit. I say and it stays)
>
> I have been thinking that this is unusual because "stay" as an auxiliary
> usually grammaticalizes into continuative rather than past/resultative.
> Heine & Kuteva (2002) mention "sit" > copula, but not this path of "become
> and stay" > "become-past" > copula, nor any cases of "stay" (or similar) to
> these past-like meanings.
>
>
>
> I've been attributing this pathway to the sequential semantics of the
> clause chaining construction (Horokoi does not mark simultaneous vs
> sequential in medial verbs, as far as I know). Thus, the sequence "I [V]
> and (then) I stay" implies that V is no longer happening and I am staying
> in whatever state endures at the end of V's action. But perhaps this is not
> right, and I received a comment that this implicature need not hold for the
> literal meaning.
>
>
>
> I have received comments that similar constructions are found in Dani
> languages, Malay, and some others. I found mention of something very
> similar in Mian by Fedden (2020). I have found no cognate constructions or
> comparative evidence to shed light on this for Horokoi (presumably Mian
> constitutes a parallel innovation because of the vast time depth separating
> Madang from Ok).
>
>
>
> Please let me know if you have seen something like this or if you know of
> references about this grammaticalization pathway, thank you!
>
>
>
> Wesley Kuhron Jones
>
> Ph.D. student, University of Oregon
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