[Lingtyp] IHRCs and verb-final order

[Mark Donohue]

Odd, I've only personally encountered internal relative clauses in
verb-initial languages, and that turns out to be massively skewed against
the global trends. The World_morphosyntax database (Kalyan and Donohue
2023) shows these languages as being SOV and having internally-headed
relative clauses:

Africa Dogon Bankan Tey Dogon
Africa Dogon Dogon
Africa Dogon Dogul Dom Dogon
Africa Dogon Donno So Dogon
Africa Dogon Mombo Dogon
Africa Dogon Nanga Dogon
Africa Dogon Tomo Kan Dogon
Africa Dogon Yorno So Dogon
Africa Mande Cliffs Jenaama Bozo
Africa Mande Jenaama-Sorogaama_Djenné Bozo
Africa Mande Jo
Africa Mande Kakabe
Africa Mande Kelenga Bozo
Africa Mande Maninka_Niokolo
Africa Niger-Kongo _Atlantic-Congo_Volta-Niger_Mbre Mbre
Africa Nilo-Saharan _Saharan_Eastern Sudanic Zaghawa
Africa Siamou Seme
Australia Eastern Daly Kamu
Australia Macro-Gunwinygu _Maningrida Nakkara
Australia Pama-Nyungan Dyirbal
Australia Pama-Nyungan Panyjima
Australia Pama-Nyungan Yuwaalaraay
Eurasia Ainu Ainu_Saru
Eurasia Austroasiatic_Munda Koda
Eurasia Austroasiatic_Munda Sora
Eurasia Hurro-Urartian Hurrian
Eurasia Indo-European _Indo-Iranian Bagri
Eurasia Indo-European _Indo-Iranian Danggaura_Tharu
Eurasia Indo-European _Indo-Iranian Gawri
Eurasia Indo-European _Indo-Iranian Kalami
Eurasia Indo-European _Indo-Iranian Khowar
Eurasia Indo-European _Indo-Iranian Nepali_Bengali
Eurasia Indo-European _Indo-Iranian Shekhawati
Eurasia Indo-European _Indo-Iranian Surgujia
Eurasia Kusunda Kusunda
Eurasia Northwest Caucasus  Adyghe
Eurasia Tibeto-Burman _Bodic_Bodish_East Bodish Kurtöp
Eurasia Tibeto-Burman _Bodic_Bodish_Tibetan Mugom
Eurasia Tibeto-Burman _Bodic_Bodish_Tibetan Rgyalthang
Eurasia Tibeto-Burman _Digarish_Idu Digaru Mishmi
Eurasia Tibeto-Burman _Digarish_Idu Yidu
Eurasia Tibeto-Burman _Dura Dura
Eurasia Tibeto-Burman _Keman-Meyor Meyor
Eurasia Tibeto-Burman _Kuke Kuke
Eurasia Tibeto-Burman _Kuki-Chin-Naga_Angami-Ao_Central Naga Mongsen Ao
Eurasia Tibeto-Burman _Kuki-Chin-Naga_Karbic Karbi
Eurasia Tibeto-Burman _Kuki-Chin-Naga_Kuki-Chin_Central Kuki-Chin Mizo
Eurasia Tibeto-Burman _Kuki-Chin-Naga_Kuki-Chin_Central Kuki-Chin Senthang
Eurasia Tibeto-Burman _Kuki-Chin-Naga_Kuki-Chin_Peripheral Kuki-Chin Gangte
Eurasia Tibeto-Burman _Kuki-Chin-Naga_Zemeic_Rongmei Inpui
Eurasia Tibeto-Burman _Na-Qiangic_Qiangic_Gyalrongic Khroskyabs_Wobzi
Eurasia Tibeto-Burman _Western Himalayan_Eastern Western
Himalayan_Almora Tinkar
Lo
Eurasia Tungusic _North Tungusic Even
North America Caddoan_Northern Caddoan_Pawnee-Kitsai_Pawnee-Arikara Arikara
North America Chibchan_Core Chibchan_Isthmic Chibchan_Eastern Isthmic
Chibchan Guaymi
North America Chibchan_Core Chibchan_Isthmic Chibchan_Western Isthmic
Chibchan Naso
North America Dene-Yeniseic _Na-Dene_Athapaskan Jicarilla
North America Dene-Yeniseic _Na-Dene_Athapaskan Koyukon
North America Dene-Yeniseic _Na-Dene_Athapaskan Navajo
North America Dene-Yeniseic _Na-Dene_Athapaskan Upper Tanana
North America Eskimo-Aleut _Eskimo_Inuit_Inupiaq Iñupiaq
North America Jicaque Tol
North America Kiowa-Tanoan  Arizona Tewa
North America Kiowa-Tanoan  Kiowa
North America Kiowa-Tanoan  Picuris
North America Misumalpan Miskito
North America Misumalpan Sumu
North America Misumalpan Tawahka
North America Muskogean _Western Muskogean Choctaw
North America Pakawan Coahuilteco
North America Siouan _Western Siouan Assiniboine
North America Siouan _Western Siouan Crow
North America Siouan _Western Siouan Hidatsa
North America Siouan _Western Siouan Lakhota
North America Siouan _Western Siouan Nakoda
North America Siouan _Western Siouan Osage
North America Siouan _Western Siouan Stoney
North America Siouan _Western Siouan Winnebago
North America Wappo-Yukian _South Wappo-Yukian Wappo
North America Yok-Utian _Utian_Miwok-Costanoan_Miwok Miwok_Lake
North America Yuman-Cochimi _Yuman_Yuman Core_Delta-California Diegueño
North America Yuman-Cochimi _Yuman_Yuman Core_Delta-California Jamul Tiipay
North America Yuman-Cochimi _Yuman_Yuman Core_River Yuman Quechan
Pacific Abinomn Abinomn
Pacific Austronesian_Malayo-Polynesian_Eastern Malayo-Polynesian_Oceanic
Gumawana
Pacific Austronesian_Malayo-Polynesian_Eastern Malayo-Polynesian_Oceanic
Maisin
Pacific Bulaka Yelmek
Pacific Keram_Ulmapo Ulwa
Pacific Mor Mor
Pacific Papuan Gulf _Strickland_East Strickland Odoodee
Pacific Piawi Haruai
Pacific Sepik _Nukuma_Kwoma Washkuk
Pacific Skou _West Skou_Skou Skou
Pacific Solomons East Papuan Lavukaleve
Pacific Southeast Papuan _Owen Stanley Ranges_Manubaran Doromu_Koki
Pacific Timor-Alor-Pantar _Alor-Pantar_Eastern Alor_East Alor Highlands
Sawila
Pacific Trans New Guinea _Bomberai Mbaham
Pacific Trans New Guinea _Border Amanab
Pacific Trans New Guinea _Madang Maia
Pacific Trans New Guinea _Madang Pamosu
Pacific Trans New Guinea _Morobe-Eastern Highlands Ampale
Pacific Trans New Guinea _Morobe-Eastern Highlands Borong Kosorong
Pacific Trans New Guinea _Morobe-Eastern Highlands Menya
Pacific Trans New Guinea _Morobe-Eastern Highlands Nahu
Pacific Trans New Guinea _Morobe-Eastern Highlands Nukna
Pacific Trans New Guinea _Ok-Oksapmin Mian
Pacific Trans New Guinea _Oro-Wharton Amam
South America Arawak Paresí
South America Boran_Bora Bora
South America Cahuapan Shawi
South America Cahuapanan Jebero
South America Cariban_Venezuelan_Pemong-Panare Pemon_Tarepang
South America Chibchan_Core Chibchan Ika
South America Chibchan_Core Chibchan Kuna
South America Chocoan_Emberá Embera_Baudo
South America Chocoan_Emberá Epena Pedee
South America Jivaroan Wampis
South America Macro-Je _Je Apinaye
South America Macro-Je _Je Kisedje
South America Macro-Je _Je Suyá
South America Tacanan Araona
South America Tucanoan _Central Tucanoan Tanimuca-Retuarã
South America Waorani Waorani
South America Yanomami Yanomam
South America Yanomami Yanomami

The database has 149 languages with internally-headed relative clauses, and
the word order breakdown is:

SOV: 125
SVO: 15
Verb-initial: 6
Object-initial: 3

In the WALS database, combining features 90D (IHRCs) and 81A (order of
Subject, Object and Verb), the numbers come to:

SOV: 44
Verb-initial: 3
no dominant order: 2

(https://wals.info/combinations/90D_81A#1/30/155)

-Mark

Kalyan, Siva, and Mark Donohue. 2023. The Dimensions of Morphosyntactic
Variation: Whorf, Greenberg and Nichols were right. *Linguistic Typology at
the Crossroads* 3 (2): 132-190. Available online at
https://typologyatcrossroads.unibo.it/article/view/17482.



On Sat, 3 Feb 2024 at 02:56, Juergen Bohnemeyer <jb77 at buffalo.edu> wrote:

> Dear all – A query on behalf of an advisee, Luis Ulloa: It has been known
> since at least Keenan (1985)* that internally-headed relative clauses
> (IHRCs) occur predominantly or exclusively in verb-final languages. We are
> looking for any additional literature that has probed into this apparent
> nexus between IHRCs and verb-final basic order. Thanks! – Juergen
>
>
>
> (* Thanks to Matthew Dryer for pointing me to Keenan’s chapter. I was sure
> I had read about the pattern, but couldn’t remember where.)
>
>
>
> Keenan, E. L. (1985). Relative clauses. In T. Shopen (ed.), *Language
> typology and syntactic description vol. II*. Cambridge: Cambridge
> University Press. 141-170.
>
>
>
>
>
> Juergen Bohnemeyer (He/Him)
> Professor, Department of Linguistics
> University at Buffalo
>
> Office: 642 Baldy Hall, UB North Campus
> Mailing address: 609 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260
> Phone: (716) 645 0127
> Fax: (716) 645 3825
> Email: jb77 at buffalo.edu
> Web: http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/
>
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>
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> (Leonard Cohen)
>
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