[Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing "authenticity/prototypicality"

[Camil Staps]

Dear Francesca and others,

A couple of small remarks. First, the cookie example reminds me of this 
quote from Casino Royale (2006):

> There are dinner jackets and dinner jackets; this is the latter. And I need you looking like a man who belongs at that table.

Just to say this is indeed not limited to the cookie example because of 
the difference between cookie and biscuit. See also 
https://english.stackexchange.com/q/33307, and here is the scene: 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZFBBXIwUhc.

Second, Jenneke's example of doubling with a nomino-verbal form has a 
nice parallel in Biblical Hebrew (don't know about Modern Hebrew), where 
the so-called "infinitive absolute" can be used to reinforce a directly 
following inflected form of the same root. (This "infinitive absolute" 
is a separate form besides the "infinitive construct" which is more like 
what you, or at least I, would expect from an infinitive.) For quick 
examples and other functions of this form, see 
https://uhg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/infinitive_absolute.html; there are 
also several relevant papers when searching Google Scholar for 
'"infinitive absolute" intensification'.

Finally, Juergen mentions the possibility of expressing inauthenticity / 
atypicality with a diminutive. Since others have mentioned reduplication 
as a means for expressing authenticity / prototypicality, it may be 
interesting to note that diminutive, inauthenticity, and atypicality can 
also all be expressed by reduplication. This is for example the case in 
Makasar (data from Anthony Jukes' 2006 dissertation, p. 223):

tau 'person' → tau-tau 'statue, doll'
kappala' 'ship' → kappa'-kappala' 'toy ship'
lima 'hand' → lima-lima 'hand-like object (such as a stick with twigs 
looking like fingers)

Jukes explicitly mentions that in some cases reduplication expresses 
only smallness or youngness, though he still translates the following 
with a different English lexeme:

baine 'woman' → bai'-baine 'girl'
bura'ne 'man' → bura'-bura'ne 'boy'
balla' 'house' → balla'-balla' 'hut'

Note that Jukes does not describe Makasar reduplication as marking 
protoypicality as well, however.

All best,
Camil

--
Camil Staps

On 2024-7-9 19:08, Francesca Masini via Lingtyp wrote:
> Dear Lingtyp community,
> 
> I’m looking for examples of evaluative word-formation processes 
> (affixation, compounding, reduplication, etc.) conveying 
> “authenticity/prototypicality” (Grandi & Körtvélyessy 2015: 11). Some 
> relevant examples would be:
> 
> (1)
> 
> Kwaza (van der Voort 2015: 608)
> 
> kanwa-tete
> 
> canoe-INT
> 
> ‘real canoe’
> 
> (2)
> 
> Warlpiri (Bowler 2015: 439)
> 
> warna-nyayirni
> 
> snake-AUG
> 
> ‘poisonous snake’ [“[i]n central Australia, the characteristic of being 
> poisonous or dangerous is a highly salient feature of many indigenous 
> snakes”]
> 
> (3)
> 
> Kikuyu (Komu 2008: 50; quoted in Mattiola & Barotto 2023: 150)
> 
> irio > irioirio
> 
> ‘food’ > ‘real food (not junk food)’
> 
> I would be extremely grateful for your help!
> 
> Best,
> 
> Francesca
> 
> REFERENCES
> 
> Bowler, Margit. 2015. Warlpiri. In Nicola Grandi & Livia Körtvelyessy 
> (eds.), /The Edinburgh handbook of evaluative morphology/, 438–447. 
> Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
> 
> Grandi, Nicola & Lívia Körtvelyessy. 2015. Introduction: Why evaluative 
> morphology? In Nicola Grandi & Lívia Körtvelyessy (Eds.), The Edinburgh 
> handbook of evaluative morphology, 3-20. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University 
> Press.
> 
> Komu, Mary W. 2008. An analysis of Gikuyu reduplication in the light of 
> prosodic morphological approach. Nairobi: Kenyatta University MA thesis.
> 
> Mattiola, Simone & Alessandra Barotto. 2023. Nominal reduplication in 
> cross-linguistic perspective. From PLURALITY to CHANGE OF REFERENTS’ 
> SPECIFICITY. /Studies in Language /47(1). 135–189.
> 
> van der Voort, Hein. 2015. Kwaza. In Nicola Grandi& Livia Körtvelyessy 
> (eds.), /The Edinburgh handbook of evaluative morphology/, 606–615. 
> Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
> 
> – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
> *Prof. Francesca Masini*
> /Rector’s Delegate for Open Science and Research Data/
> 
> Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
> Dipartimento di Lingue, Letterature e Culture Moderne (LILEC)
> Via Cartoleria 5, 40124 Bologna
> 
> http://www.unibo.it/docenti/francesca.masini 
> <http://www.unibo.it/docenti/francesca.masini>
> 
> – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –– –
> Editor-in-chief of**/Constructions and Frames 
> <https://benjamins.com/catalog/cf>/
> 
> 
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