6.460 German Affricates

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LINGUIST List:  Vol-6-460. Mon 27 Mar 1995. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 136
 
Subject: 6.460 German Affricates
 
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1)
Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 13:51:15 -0500 (EST)
From: Desrochers Richard (desrochr at ERE.UMontreal.CA)
Subject: Re: 6.393 Sum: German /tS/ (tsch)
 
2)
Date: Sat, 25 Mar 1995 13:40:43 +1030
From: "David M. W. Powers" (powers at ist.flinders.edu.au)
Subject: Affricates--one segment or two
 
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1)
Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 13:51:15 -0500 (EST)
From: Desrochers Richard (desrochr at ERE.UMontreal.CA)
Subject: Re: 6.393 Sum: German /tS/ (tsch)
 
As naive as may seem to be the following arguments, I see no reason to
consider German /tS/ as a single segment. As far as I know (I have no
German grammar or dictionary at hand), the distribution of /tS/ is very
limited, it occurs mainly in word-final position (or within compounds
like Deutschland, does not seem to occur in initial position or even
within the same morpheme in a word. On the other hand, have the sequence
/St/ in word initial position (Stark, Stump, buchStabieren, Stein.
Compare with this /pf/ which is more plausibly a single segment, since it
occurs in a greater variety of contexts (Pferd, A"pfel, Kopf).(and /fp/
does not seem to occur, at least in word-initial and final position)
For me, that settles the question, unless I have overlooked decisive data.
 
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2)
Date: Sat, 25 Mar 1995 13:40:43 +1030
From: "David M. W. Powers" (powers at ist.flinders.edu.au)
Subject: Affricates--one segment or two
 
 
Alexis Manaster Ramer (amr at CS.Wayne.EDU) writes:
) The recent query and summary by Larry Trask on German affricates
) makes me think of the fact that, unless I am mistaken, it is
) perfectly easy to HEAR the difference between one- and two-segment
) stop-fricative sequences at least in some cases.
 
I don't think I responded to the original query, and I'd always assumed
that tsch was a single segment, although in my automatic analysis of
German (and Dutch) it is treated as two segments (but this is
a function of the assumptions and parameterizations used and means little
as "tcsh" was not systematically studied and controled).
 
Alexis's comment, however, reminds me that
"tschuess" (tcsh=FC=DF) derives from  =E0 dieu or adios or adieu (or ad
deum)
 
(I've seen it attributed to both Fr. and L. although that doesn't explain=
 the
final segment, which is historically s+z.  As for the "tsch" it seems to =
derive
from a palatalized dental [dy].)
 
Conversely, with "deutsch*", I can't help suspecting that adjectival -(i)sch
has attached to deut (clear/right) as to Angle (English), etc.  I=
n this case "tcsh" derives from two segment [t] and [sh].
 
There are occurences which are clearly two segment (doing a grep in the s=
tolfi =
 
wordlist to find other examples of which I show representative below)
 
entscheiden
fortschritte
wirtschaft
 
(I had a quick look through Dutch too, and all occurences fitted this pat=
tern.)
 
The others fit the pattern of a -*(s)ch* ending (of which many are
verbs involving noise - does anyone know anything about the common ending=
?
and the others are adjectives, as discussed already in relation to Deutsc=
h.)
 
futsch*
klatscht*
latsch*
lutsch*
matschig
platsch
quetsch*
quietsch*
rutsch*
 
There are also some which aren't absolutely clear to me at first glance, =
e.g.
 
betatschen
dolmetsche
zwitscher*
 
(In all of this - means this an affix, * means it is a morph
exhibiting a variety of inflectional or morphophonological extensions,
parentheses mean optional or alternative or standard orthography,
brackets mean phonetic, quotes mean orthographic).
 
Excluding the cases which cross syllables, it seems to me that a
historical segment pair has become, or is becoming, a single segment,
although it is sufficiently rare that I don't think any of my
segmentation algorithms would classify it that way under any
parameterization.
 
David Powers
 
 
powers at acm.org   http://www.cs.flinders.edu.au/people/DMWPowers.html
Associate Professor David Powers        David.Powers at flinders.edu.au
SIGART Editor; SIGNLL Chair             Facsimile:    +61-8-201-3626
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