8.195, Sum: needn't, don't have to

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LINGUIST List:  Vol-8-195. Sat Feb 8 1997. ISSN: 1068-4875.

Subject: 8.195, Sum: needn't, don't have to

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1)
Date:  Tue, 4 Feb 97 11:47:33 JST
From:  hiro-t <hiro-t at ias.tokushima-u.ac.jp>
Subject:   needn't, don't have to

-------------------------------- Message 1 -------------------------------

Date:  Tue, 4 Feb 97 11:47:33 JST
From:  hiro-t <hiro-t at ias.tokushima-u.ac.jp>
Subject:   needn't, don't have to

Dear Linguists,
   One of my colleagues sent me a summary of the question of
English modals, _needn't to_ and _don't have to_ we posted a few
weeks ago.

- ---------------------------------------------------------

In the middle of January i raised a question about English modals.  I
asked you to give some examples where _nedn't_ or _don't have to_ is
used in the epistemic sense, as in:

   (1) "lok at those tracks. That must be a dog." "It needn't /
       doesn't have to be--It could be a fox.

   Soon after that I got 6 e-mails. Thank you for answering my
question. I would express my sincere thanks to the following people
who supplied useful data:

  firsten1 at icanect.net (Richard Firsten)
  Carl.Mills at UC.Edu(Carl Mills)
  ewb2 at cornell.edu (E. Wayles Browne)
  cwhiteley at tyco.geis.com(Colin Whiteley)
  Pierre Busuttil <pierre.busuttil at univ-pau.fr>
  geoffs at cogs.susx.ac.uk (Geoffrey Sampson)

Pierre Busttil has given me excerpts from his database. Gerffrey
Sampson has also given me a lot of examples from the LOB corpus. Gisle
Anderson has checked with his own data--The Bergen Corpus of London
Teenage Language. Wales Browne has given me a lot of examples from his
own correspondence.
   All of these has been a great help.

Kenji Kashino, Osaka Shoin Women's University, Japan

- --------------------------------------------------------
Best Wishes,
Hiroaki Tanaka

Associate Professor,
1-1, Minamijousanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770, Japan
Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences,
Tokushima University, Japan

hiro-t at ias.tokushima-u.ac.jp

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