LL-L: "Etymology" LOWLANDS-L, 17.MAY.2001 (01) [E]

[Lowlands-L]

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 L O W L A N D S - L * 19.MAY.2001 (01) * ISSN 189-5582 * LCSN 96-4226
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From: R. F. Hahn <sassisch at yahoo.com>
Subject: Etymology

Dear Lowlanders,

Low Saxon (Old-Saxon-derived Low German) and English have the word
_wrist_.  However, there are slight semantic differences: Modern English
_wrist_ refers only to a joint between hand and arm.  Modern Low Saxon
_Wrist_ [vrIs(t)] (feminine or neuter, plural _Wristen_ [vrIs(t)=n]) -- at
least in North Saxon dialects -- is more general in that it can refer both
to the joint between hand and arm and to the joint between foot and leg.
(Context tends to explain which one it is; otherwise you would say things
like _de Wrist vun de Hand_, _de Wrist vun d'n Foot_ or something like
it.)  However, in the case of the foot at least, _Wrist_ tends to refer
only to the joint itself, not to the bony protrusion above it, which is
called _Enkel_ [?E.Nk=l] (masculine or neuter, plural _Enkeln_) and is, of
course, related to English _ankle_.  I have asked several native speakers
of American English, and all of them felt that _ankle_ includes the bony
protrusion.

Germanic *_wrist(iz)_:
(This item is suspected to be related to _writhe_.)
O.Norse _rist_ (instep) > Mod.Icel./Far./Scand. ?
O.Sax. _wrist_ (?) > Mod.L.Sax. _Wrist_
O.Eng. _wrist_ > Mod.Engl. _wrist_
O.Fris. ? > Mod.W. Fris. {pols}
O.L.Franc. ? > Mod.Dutch {pols}
O.H.Germ.? > M.H.Germ._rist_> Mod.Germ.{Handgelenk}

Germanic *_ank-_ (+ diminutive?):
O.Norse _ankul-_ > M.Norse ? > Mod.Icel./Far./Scand. ?
O. Sax. ? > Mod.L.Sax. _Enkel_
M.Norse ? > M.Eng. _ankle_ (Oxf. Dict.)
O.Fris. ? > Mod.W.Fris. _ankel_
O.L.Franc. ? > Mod.Dutch _enkel_
O.H.G. ? > Mod.Germ. {Fußgelenk}

Completion, additions and corrections would be appreciated.

Thanks and regards,
Reinhard/Ron

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