LL-L "Grammar" 2002.04.03 (02) [E]

[Lowlands-L]

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 L O W L A N D S - L * 03.APR.2002 (02) * ISSN 189-5582 * LCSN 96-4226
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 A=Afrikaans Ap=Appalachian D=Dutch E=English F=Frisian L=Limburgish
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From: "Mathieu. van Woerkom" <Mathieu.vanWoerkom at student.kun.nl>
Subject: Grammar [E, D]

Ron wrote:

> In American English, as in non-American English, it is grammatical to
> say "in school" and "to school," e.g., "She is in school" and "She goes
> to school," denoting "school" as an institution, as opposed to "She is
> in the school" and "She goes to the school" in references to "school"
> as a place.  Similarly, in non-American English, you say "in hospital" and
> "to hospital" in contrast to "in the hospital" and "to the hospital,"
> where, however, in American English only "in the hospital" and "to the
> hospital" are grammatical in reference to both the institution and the
> place, at least as far as I can tell.  Are there other cases like this?
> How do people perceive the differences semantically?
>
> Are there similar cases in Scots and other Lowlands languages?
>
> Of course, there are adverbial phrases like "at home" (vs "at the
> home"), Low Saxon _tohuus'_ (< _to Huse_ 'to house') 'at home',
> _nahuus'_ (_na Huse_ "to house") 'home(ward)', etc.
--------------------------------------------------
This is also the case in Dutch, you can say:
- op school (in school)
  naar school (to school)
but:
- in het ziekenhuis (in the hospital)
  naar het ziekenhuis (to the hospital)
- thuis [I think it is short for _te huis_] (at home)
  naar huis / huiswaarts (homeward)
-------------------------------------------------
It's the same for Limburgish:
- op sjool (in school)
  nao sjool (to school)
[but: 'zich langs de sjool foetele' = 'skipping school']
- in 't krankehoes / gashoes (in the hospital)
  nao 't krankehoes / gashoes (to the hospital)
- heim / toes [_te hoes_ / _in hoes_] (at home)
  heivers (homeward)
-------------------------------------------------
Regards,
Mathieu
------------
mathieu.vanwoerkom at student.kun.nl
http://streektaal.cjb.net
------------

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From: "Ian James Parsley" <parsleyij at yahoo.com>
Subject: LL-L "Grammar" 2002.04.02 (09) [E]

Ron,

In Scots there is a similar issue.

A gae tae kirk - I go to church (ie as a general rule)
A gae tae the kirk - I go to church (ie a single
event)

'A gae tae spital' would either be very unfortunate
(!) or hopefully would mean you work there. 'A gae tae
the spital' would again be a single event.

That at least appears to be the case in Ulster
dialects.

Best regards,

----------

From: R. F. Hahn <sassisch at yahoo.com>
Subject: Names

Thanks, Mathieu and Ian!

I was also reminded of grammatical "in college" analogous to "in
school," but ungrammatical (at least in American) *"in unversity," which
is covered by "in college" or "in school."

Lowlanders, I wonder if it is fair to call this type of phenomenon
(i.e., deletion of articles in certain adverbial phrases) "adverbial
lexicalization."  Might we argue that, in addition to Low Saxon
_tohuus'_, Dutch _thuis_ and German _zuhause_ already mentioned, adverbs
such as "today," "tonight," "tomorrow" ("to" = "at/in"?), Low Saxon
_vundaag'_ (< _vun dage_ < _van dage_ "from/of day") 'today', Dutch
_vandaag_ 'today', Afrikaans _vandag_ 'today' are older, petrified
examples of what we see in its initial stage in adverbial article
deletion and the creation of lexicalized forms?  Why "lexicalized"?
These are specific phrases that are entered into the lexicon.
Evidence?  Article deletion is not grammatical in other such cases,
occurs only sporadically in certain frequently used phrases.

Regards,
Reinhard/Ron

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