LL-L "Help needed" 2002.03.01 (02) [E]

[Lowlands-L]

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From: dujardin <dujardin at pandora.be>
Subject: LL-L "Help needed" 2002.03.01 (01) [E/LS]

"Dracht" in Westflemish is not only used for animals as far as pregnancy is
concerned, but also for people!

regards!

denis dujardin
westflanders.

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From: Edwin Alexander <edsells at cogeco.ca>
Subject: LL-L "Help needed" 2002.03.01 (01) [E/LS]

At 08:06 AM 03/01/02 -0800, Pat Reynolds wrote:
>This is a yoke. It's primary meaning is the device to join up two
>animals to draw a plough or vehicle (a piece of wood with curves to take
>in the animal's necks, and a chain going back to the plough or vehicle).
>The meaning 'frame used by a person to carry a pair of buckets' is not
>recorded until about 1618 - which seems rather late.
>
>I can ask archaeologists about their distribution over time and space,
>if this would help.

The English word <yoke> has very deep roots, being cognate with Sanskrit
verb <yuj> "to join together" from whence the word Yoga is derived.

>I found interesting to read the Oxford English Dictionary entry on
>'draw' (over 60 meanings) and the related  'draught', as there seem to
>be many examples of parallel development of meaning.

Quite often we see this word spelled "draft", as one submission had
it.  Although I can hear the incoming shell from Ron, this is one good
reason why English spelling should not be reformed, as we can see the roots
of the word better in the spelling "draught".

Ed Alexander

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From: Ted.Harding at nessie.mcc.ac.uk
Subject: LL-L "Help needed" 2002.02.28 (09) [E]

> From: R. F. Hahn <sassisch at yahoo.com>
> Subject: Help needed
>
> Dear Lowlanders,
>
> I wonder if any of you can help me find the English and/or German
> equivalent words, if there are any, of the Low Saxon (Low German) word
> _Dracht_ as shown below as meaning No. 5.  Low Saxon _Dracht_ [drax(t)]
> and Dutch _dracht_ would be more appropriately (i.e., etymologically
> based) written _Dragt_ (cf. Afrikaans _drag_), since they are clearly
> derived from the verb (/draag-/) _dragen_ 'to carry', 'to wear', which
> in most North Saxon is umlauted: _dregen_ ~ _drägen_ ['dre:gN=].
>
> Low Saxon (Low German):
> Dracht (feminine, plural _Drachten_):
> (1) burden, load
  No obvious cognate in English, though "drag" is sometimes used
  in related senses, e.g. "It's a drag" for "it's burdensome"
  or "it's tedious".

> (2) accumulated amount (e.g., honey gathered by bees)
  No cognate known to me. Maybe related to "draught"
  as in "draught of fishes", but this comes from "draw".

> (3) litter (of animals)
  No English cognate known to me.

> (4) beating (measure word; cf. German _eine Tracht Prügel_ 'a beating')
  Ditto.

> (5) wooden bar carried across one's shoulders (usually carved
> to conform to neck and shoulders) at both ends of which heavy
> items can be hung for transport (usually from hooks and/or
> ropes, often pails for water or milk
  The exact English word for this item is "yoke", often also
  used in the figurative sense (where "burden" could also
  often be used). I know of no "drag"-related words with this sense.
  The basic meaning of "yoke" is something which joins or
  links (like the yoke joining two horses or oxen at their
  necks).

> (6) two pails full (measure word)
  Again, no English cognate in this sense known to me, though
  clearly it is directly connected to meaning number 5.

> (7) costume, outfit (nowadays usually referring to traditional,
> regional or ethnic garb; cf. German _Tracht_)
  Here, the only cognate English usage I can think of is "drag"
  meaning "cross-dressing" and the like: "in drag", "drag artist".

Best wishes to all,
Ted.

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E-Mail: (Ted Harding) <Ted.Harding at nessie.mcc.ac.uk>
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Date: 01-Mar-02                                       Time: 17:37:16
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