LL-L "Etymology" 2003.01.31 (03) [E/German]

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From: R. F. Hahn <sassisch at yahoo.com>
Subject: Etymology


_Herkunftsduden_ for German _Ort_ 'place' and _Werder_ 'river island':

ORT _m_ _Mhd._, _ahd._ ort "Spitze (bes. einer Waffe oder eines Werkzeugs)";
äußerstes Ende, Punkt; Ecke, Rand; Stück, Gegend, Helle, Platz", _niederl._
oord "Gegend, Landstück; stelle, Platz", _aengl._ ord "Spitze, Speer;
äußerstes Ende", _schwed._ udd "Spitze, Stachel" beruhen auf _germ._ *uzða-
"Spitze", ...

WERDER _m_ und _s_ "Flußinsel; Landstrich zwischen Fluß und stehendem
Gewässer": Das in Norddeutschland gebräuchliche Wort (_mnd._, _ostmitteld.
_werder_) geht zurück auf eine Neebenform von _mhd._ wert, _ahd._ warid,
werid "Insel", das _nhd._ noch in ON wie Kaiserswerth und Wörth erscheint.
Beachte auch _niederl._ waard "eingedeichtes Land", _aengl._ waroð "Ufer".
Die Wörter gehören zu der unter → _wehren_ behandelten _idg._ Wortgruppe
(vgl. z. B. _aind._ várū-tha-m "Schutz, Schild"); sie bedeuten eigt. "gegen
Wasser geschütztes oder schützendes Land."

In brief, _Ort_ comes from a word for "point (of a weapon or tool)," thus
"spot", "place", 'extremity" (Old English _ord_), while _Werder_ comes from
the idea of "to (de)fend", "to protect", "to ward (off)" (Old English
_waroð_ 'shore', 'bank'), hence the basic idea "land protecting or protected
from water".

Northern Lowlands Saxon (Low German) has the following respective cognates:

(/ourd/) _Oord_ (usually misspelled as <Oort>), neut., pl. (/öürd(e)/)
_Öörd'_ ~ _Öörd_ ~ _Öör_ or (/öürd+er/) _Öörder_ 'place', 'locale', 'spot'
sing. [?oU3`t] ~ [?u:3`t] ~ [?aU3`t] , pl. [?o.I3`(d)] ~ [?O.I3`(d)] To be
distinguished from (/aard/) _Aard_ (usually misspelled as <Oort>) [?Q:3`t] ~
[o:3`t] fem. ‘sort’, ‘type’, ‘kind’, ‘manner’, pl. _Aarden_ [‘?Q:3`dn=] ~
[‘?o:3`dn=].


_Warder_ masc. ~ neut., pl. _Warders_ 'river island' ['va:d3`(s)] (also
found in place names, such as Finkwarder, German Finkenwerder, "finch
island").

Regards,
Reinhard/Ron

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