LL-L "Language contacts" 2003.09.09 (09) [E]

[Lowlands-L]

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L O W L A N D S - L * 09.SEP.2003 (09) * ISSN 189-5582 * LCSN 96-4226
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A=Afrikaans Ap=Appalachian B=Brabantish D=Dutch E=English F=Frisian
L=Limburgish LS=Lowlands Saxon (Low German) N=Northumbrian
S=Scots Sh=Shetlandic V=(West)Flemish Z=Zeelandic (Zeêuws)
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From: Kenneth Rohde Christiansen <kenneth at gnu.org>
Subject: LL-L "Language contacts" 2003.09.09 (06) [E]

Hi Reinhard,

> One of the Scandinavian influences of the Schleswig dialects of LS seems
to
> be the proliferation of the plural suffix _-er_.  This suffix is used in
> other dialects as well, but not to that extent.

-er in Standard Danish is pronounced like /Q/ (turned c in IPA), and
that is the same in Western Jutish. In Southern Jutish though they
pronounce -er as /I/

> What you described would in LS apply to syllables with long /a/, i.e.,
/aar/
> [Q:3`] ~ [Q:a]; e.g., _baart_ (<Baart>) [bQ:3`t] 'beard', _kaart_
(<Kaart>)
> [k_hQ:3`t] 'card', _paar_ (<Paar>) [p_hQ:3`] 'pair', 'couple'.
>
> My theory is that in Western Jutish the contraction of _haver_ > _haar_
> caused a long semi-rounded vowel to arise, perhaps under the influence of
> labial /v/.
>
> To test this, try and see what the WJ equivalents of the following LS
words
> do: _warm_ [va:m] 'warm', _harm_ (<Harm>) [ha:m] 'harm'.

Wårm [wQ:m] with glottal stop
Håerm [hQ:.m] with glottal stop

lang is also [lQ:(NJ)]
glad (happy) = glåj
akkurat = akkuråt

etc.

Cheers, Kenneth

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From: R. F. Hahn <sassisch at yahoo.com>
Subject: Language contacts

Hi again, Kenneth!

Perhaps Western Jutish simly applies a vowel-lowering rule before /r/.

Try these words for size:
/ar/:
_darm_ (<Darm>) [da:m] (Danish _tarm_) 'intestine'
_allarm_ (<Alarm>) [?a'la:m] (Danish _alarm_) 'alarm'
_arbayd_ (<Arbeit>) ['?a:ba.It] (Danish _arbejde_) 'work'
_karp(en)_ (<Karp(en)>) ['k_ha:p(=m)] (Danish _karpe_) 'carp'
_scharp_ [Sa:p] ~ [sXa:p] ~ [ska:p] (Danish _skarp_) 'sharp'
_barbeyr_ (<Barbeer>) [ba'bE.I3`] (Danish _barber_) 'barber'
_bar_ (<Bar>) [ba:] (Danish _bar_) '(drinking) bar'
_park_ (<Park>) [p_ha:k] (Danish _park_) 'park'
_larm_ (<Larm>) [la:m] (Danish _larm_) 'noise', 'din'

/aar/:
_kaart_ (<Kaart>) [k_hQ:3`t] (Danish _kort_) 'card'
_paar_ (<Paar>) [p_hQ:3`] (Danish _par_) 'pair', 'couple'
_gaarner_ (<Gaarner>) ['gQ:3`n3`] (Danish _gartner_) 'gardener'
_haar_ (<Haar>) [hQ:3`] (Danish _hår_) 'hair'

Hilsen,
Reinhard/Ron

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