LL-L "Resources" 2004.01.02 (02) [E]

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Fri Jan 2 18:30:18 UTC 2004


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From: Kenneth Rohde Christiansen <kenneth at gnu.org>
Subject: Minority languages and open source software

Here is an "article"/mail about minority languages and open source
software:

Written by Knut Yrvin, knuty at skolelinux.no

One of the really important issues with computer programs is
usability. The Skolelinux effort is to give the people their native
tongue when reading the signpost at the electronic highway. This is why
the Sami parliament and The Ministry of Local Government and Regional
Development has partly financed free software to The Northern Sami
Language. Also The Nynorsk dialect is of great importance. The
translation to Nynorsk (New Norwegian) was the reason why Skolelinux
went for KDE in the first place. Also the translation of KDE to
Northern Sami was boosted by the Skolelinux-effort.

Project participants also translate OpenOffice to New Norwegian and
Bokmål. This is partly financed by 8 County Councils and The Ministry
of Education and Research. We recommend schools to use Mozilla for
compatibility and stability reasons. The teachers demands
stability. The browser from Opera crashes and Konqueror is version
2.2.2 in Debian, and gives to many complications when using the
leading Learning Management System i the Nordic
Countries (http://fronter.info/index.phtml?set_lang=en).

Our main goal is that the users requirement and choices decides our
effort. We would not discriminate GNOME or KDE-applications. It's a
important observation that use of applications in the public sector is
regulated by many different laws. 25% of the written communication
shall be in New Norwegian. All teaching aid shall be in both New
Norwegian and Bokmål. Also all written communication shall be adapted
to Sami. All this has it's historical reasons:

  After 400 years of Danish colonial rule in Norway, Norway seceded
  from Denmark in 1814. Danish continued to be the written language in
  Norway. This meant that Norwegians had to write in a language that
  was not their mother tongue. In the 1840s to 1860s, a linguist,
  Mr. Ivar Aasen (1813?96), conducted extensive research on the spoken
  Norwegian language, and he developed a written norm for modern
  Norwegian based on the common structure of the Norwegian
  dialects. [...]

 http://www.nm.no/english.cfm

  Now the common theory is that the Sámi languages developed from
  early proto-Finnic languages side by side with proto-Finnic
  language, so that there was some sort of proto-Lappic language
  around 1000 BC - 700 AD. This then developed to various languages
  and dialects as we know them now. The Sámi languages are regarded as
  Finno-Ugric languages and their closest relatives are the
  Baltic-Finnic languages (Finnish, Estonian).

 http://www.lysator.liu.se/nordic/scn/faq23.html#2.3.5

* Cultural imperialism

A lot of English speaking people are fortunate that most of the small
countries in the world uses English as the language of trade. The
native language in Spain, Germany and France is also well
supported. But in smaller language societies looks at this and say,
this is yet a other imperial move from the proprietary software
industry.

It's easy to be in a large country as Mexico and say that, ¨hey free
software is funny because it's in my native language". It's not the
same if you are in Northen of Norway and is amongst the 30.000 who
speaks The Northen Sami language.

On Thursday 28 August 2003, the Nordic Council of Ministers launched a
joint Nordic website from which private and professional users can
download open-source programmes. On of the main reasons is:

  Open-source programmes which are distributed to small language areas
  have the advantage over license-based [proprietary] programmes that
  the users themselves adapt the source code. This means that the
  programme can be translated and become an important part in the
  small countries fight to maintain linguistic and national identity.

www.nordicos.org is in Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish, Icelandic
and English. The project has been financed by a grant of approximately
DKK 500,000 from the Nordic Council of Ministers.

http://www.norden.org/norden_i_veckan/2003/uk/030901.asp

Israel is an other country that demands applications with their native
language. The Register reports:

  Hebrew writers have long complained that Microsoft Office for the
  Mac doesn't support the script: even though it's drawn from the
  Windows codebase which does support Hebrew, and many other
  right-to-left scripts to boot. The lack of support wasn't fixed in
  Office 2001:mac, and despite rich language support for developers in
  Apple's Mac OS X, Microsoft says it has no plans to add Hebrew to
  Office v.X:mac.[...]

  The Israeli Ministry of Commerce has suspended all governmental
  contracts with Microsoft, and indicated that the ban will last
  throughout 2004.

 http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/33365.html
 http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/39/25793.html
 http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/34154.html

This can be used as an argument to concentrate all the effort
with GNOME. I think this is to excluding.  Skolelinux is a huge fan of
GNOME-applications, and promote the best of them. We also recommend
against KDE program that doesn't do the job. The most important issue
is to help the users, the pupils and thatcher to solve the day-to-day
operation with computer applications as a working tool for
learning. Our goal is to promote learning with the computer before the
learning about the computer. For Skolelinux the question about GNOME
and KDE isn't about technical usability. It's about our native language,
and the users right to choose what they prefers. The competition keeps
us focused.

Since Bruce Perens GNOME-decision is just based on politics in the
UserLinux draft, it's unfortunate that there is no sight of the
nations needs for native languages supported by national laws. The
danger is that the god things with the UserLinux-effort will loose
important momentum in unnecessary language struggle whit different
governments and private businesses that interact with the public . KDE
supports 42 languages (see the translation status further down). GNOME
fully support 15 languages.

My suggestion is that UserLinux makes national and regional language
support to a main goal for the project.

Sincerely

Knut Yrvin
Project leader Skolelinux Norway

KDE 3.1 translation status:

42 supported languages (100% in the essential, 98,01% is OK)
10 partly supported languages (from 98% to 50% in the essential)
25 unsupported languages (< 49,99% translated) For 15 of these the
   traslation has stared in KDE 3.1, and even more is translated some
   or more in KDE 3.2
77 Total in KDE 3.1
78 Languages in KDE 3.2. Translation of 1 language has nearly begun.

 http://i18n.kde.org/stats/gui/KDE_3_1_BRANCH/essential.php
 http://i18n.kde.org/stats/gui/HEAD/essential.php

Gnome 2.4 translation status:

15 supported languages (100% in the essential,  98,01% is OK))
25 partly supported languages (from 98% to 50% in the essential)
23 unsupported languages (< 49,99% translated). For 15 of these the
   traslation has stared in GNOME 2.4, and even more is translated
   some or more in GNOME 2.6
63 Total in GNOME 2.4
76 Languages in GNOME 2.6. Translation of 10 language has nearly begun.

 http://developer.gnome.org/projects/gtp/status/gnome-2.4/essential.html
 http://developer.gnome.org/projects/gtp/status/gnome-2.6/essential.html

About Skolelinux:

Skolelinux is heavily involved in both the creation and testing of the
new debian-installer and the localization of Debian. Skolelinux is an
effort to create a Custom Debian Distribution aimed at schools and
universities. An easy 3-question installation results in a
preconfigured system tailored for schools, requiring almost no Linux
or networking knowledge. This includes 15 preconfigured services and a
localized environment.

 http://www.debian.org/partners/index.en.html

Taken from: http://lists.userlinux.com/pipermail/discuss/2004-
January/002610.html

Cheers, Kenneth

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