LL-L "Etymology" 2005.08.05 (11) [E]

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From: Þjóðríkr Þjóðreksson <didimasure at hotmail.com>
Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2005.08.05 (06) [E]

If f/th/s/h are not initial and precede the accent, they become voiced (=v
or bh/dh/z/(spirantic) g). Z usually became r later on.

Initially and following the accented syllable, they did not change.

The clearest example is the strong verb and it's past tenses: eg. Old
English:

cêosan, cêas, curun, gecoren (Dutch: kiezen, koos, kozen, gekozen with s
everywhere, but: uitverkoren ("chosen" in a mostly divine or religious
sense)

Originally it occured in all IIIrd and IVth principal parts, but analogy has
obscured most alternations. Nowaday English only has was, plural were and
the old form (for)lorn (from "to lose") (Dutch: wezen - was - waren -
(geweest, analogical form; Dutch preserves more paradigms that alternate:
vriezen - (vroor, with r from plural past) - vroren - gevroren. Dialectical:
vrieze, vroos, vroze, gevroze with /s/ everywhere; the other way round:
verliezen, verloor, verloren, verloren has in my region often r: verlieren)

But strong verbs aren't the only things where this happen. Compare Dutch
HAAS with Engl. HARE, where some inflected forms in IE probably had accent
on the stem, some had accent on the endings, giving Gmc. alternation of s/z.
Dutch chose for /s/ everywhere, English picked z=r.

The examples are endless but I hope this cleared up enough already :)
Hochdeutsch also has leveled a lot of alternations out, in the s/z case it
seems me that there are many more r's than in Dutch (frieren iirc where
Dutch has the s/r quite intact, verlieren, etc)

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