LL-L "Phonology" 2008.04.28 (04) [E]

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L O W L A N D S - L  - 28 April 2008 - Volume 04
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From: Henno Brandsma <hennobrandsma at hetnet.nl>
Subject: LL-L "Phonology" 2008.04.28 (02) [E]

From: Ingmar Roerdinkholder <ingmar.roerdinkholder at WORLDONLINE.NL>
Subject: Re: LL-L "Phonology" 2008.04.27 (02) [E]

 Well, English is not the only one, at least before nasal clusters.
Modern Frisian has long vowels in words like wyn, hûn, keunst etc (< wind,
hund, kunst).
This is in Frisian an old phenomenon, as it is shared between West, East and
North Frisian.
There is lengthening in -ild: wyld, myld
(WF), and wilj (NF) < wi:ld, with standard i: > i change (otherwise i > e (>
a), so the vowel was long in Old North Frisian,
so around 9th on the islands..)
Also old -und, -and, -end, -ind (hûn (< hu:nd), hân (< ha:nd), heine (<
he:nda), wyn/wine (< wi:nda),
-ald (Hindeloopen still has "aald", standard WF has "âld", Schiermonnikoog
"aud" < *aauld)
while e.g. Seelter Frisian has "oold" (standard a: > o: change, so old long
a here as well, but here it collided with old a: from au.)
Typical is also "heal" (a half), from < ha:l(f), "keal" (< ka:l(f)), cf.
Seeltersk "Koolich" (with a: > o:, lf > -lich)
Before -rn, -rd etc. the change is also shared with Dutch: hoarne (<
ho:rna), Seel. "Houden" (o: > ou, -rn > den),
Bern ([bE:n]), Seel. Bäiden (e: > äi, rn > den). Seelter Frisian is quite
conservative in this respect, and shows that in East Frisian
often the vowel coincided with older long vowels. Also -rm is affected:
waarm, stoarm [stwarm], with breaking, etc.
Before -mb Frisian loses the -b: kaam (< *ka:mb), "laam" (< la:mb).
Frisian has a lot of this "Old Frisian lengthening". It seems an Ingwaeonic
trend, as a lot of Saxon varieties share it,
and forms like "goes", "fiif" are also lengthened, and lost the nasals to
boot.
The situation with the collision with older vowels is a local issue: some
dialects do it, others do not.
WF keeps them mostly apart, Seelter Frisian mostly does not. North Frisian
seems to have a lot
of the lengthened forms as well, while old long vowels are often shortened.
But NF has a lot of weird shifts.

Many Low Saxon dialects in the Netherlands have: wiend,
kiend, guunst (< wind, kind, gunst), also present in some varieties of
South Guelders, Limburgish, Flemish. Brabantish has kijnd, keind. Twente
Low Saxon has roond, geunst, keend etc. Standard Dutch has fewer examples,
but eind/einde (< end/ ende) is one of them.
In these dialects, it has nothing to do with schwa dropping, it's just a
phonological lengthening before nasal clusters.
Lengthening also occurs with rhotic clusters in many NL dialects:
haard, waarm etc (< hard, warm), but usually not with L...

Ingmar
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