One word or two??
Campbell, R. Joe
campbel at indiana.edu
Mon Jul 16 22:25:58 UTC 2012
Michael, John, ihuan occequi nocnihuan,
My problem originated because I agreed with Michael's intuition that
adjectives in -tic, which originate in verbs and "dizque" form
adjectives with the preterite -c, can hardly compound with the
following word. When I read John's consideration of "compound vs.
phrase", I decided to consider the issue more at length.
In the meantime, I wanted to call attention to the willingness of
Nahuatl to creep across word-formation lines and surprise us. I'll
make a few comments on some of the examples below, but let the majority
of them speak for themselves.
The examples are from Molina and the Florentine. The "=" is used as a
separator before the prefix and the preterite. The regularized form is
given first and the original document form is enclosed in parentheses.
Joe
***-ni is a verbal prefix, but crosses the line into "noundom".
Note its willingness to "verb" in the same way that basic nouns do.
aahuieniti (aahuieniti). she becomes a harlot. b.4 f.3 p.25|
ahuiyaniti =n=onahuianitic (ahuianiti =n=onahuianitic). ser puta.
71m2-2|
cuicuicaniti (cuicuicaniti). he becomes a singer. b.4 f.1 p.7|
**
***-ni forms -meh plural like a noun.
ahuiyanimeh (ahuiyanimeh). harlots; pleasure girls. b.10 f.5 p.89|
altianimeh , te- (te$altianimeh). bathers of slaves; bathers; slave
bathers; ceremonial bather; those who bathe slaves. b.9 f.4 p.47|
ananimeh , te- (te$ananimeh). escorts. b.9 f.5 p.61|
**
***-ni takes a diminutive suffix like a noun.
cuicuicaniton (cuicuicanito). grillo especie de cigarra; grillo;
especie de cigarra (idem). 55m-10|
ehuatlepitzaloniton (ehuatlepitzalonito). fuelles peque¤as; fuelles
peque¤as de organo peque¤o. 55m-10|
machtianiton =te (temachtianiton). maestro peque¤o. 55m-13|
matepoztlaximaloniton (matepoztlaximalonito). azuela peque¤a. 55m-001|
pohpohualoniton =tla (tlapohpohualonito). escoba peque¤a o escobajo. 55m-8|
tamachihualoniton =tla (tlatamachihualonito). libreta; medida
peque¤a. 71m1-141|
tepozchihchiquillateconiton (tepozchihchiquillateconiton). sierra
peque¤a assi (assi is sierra de hierro para asserrar).
55m-18|
tepozteihxilihuaniton (tepozteihxilihuaniton). pu¤al peque¤o.
55m-16|
tepoztlacohualoniton (tepoztlacohualonito). marauedi; o blanca.
55m-13|
tepoztlateconiton (tepoztlateconiton). segureja, peque¤a segur.
71m1-191|
tepoztlateconiton (tepoztlateconito). hachuela para cortar. 71m2-18|
tetzotzonaloniton =tla (tlatetzotzonaloniton). mazo peque¤o. 55m-12|
tlahtoaniton (tlahtoaniton). rey peque¤o. 55m-17|
tlapoloniton =tla (tlatlapolonito). llaue peque¤a. 71m2-24|
tlazololololoniton (tlazololololonito). rastro peque¤o assi (assi is
rastro para rastrar paja). 71m2-20|
***-ni takes what used to be called a postposition (e.g., -tlah)
tecuanitlah (tecuanitlah). place of wild beasts. b.11 f.25 p.256|
tecuantlah (tecuantlah). place of wild beasts. b.10 f.12 p.188|
***-ni forms noun-noun compounds
tecuannacatl (tecuannacatl). wild beast flesh.
b.11 f.1 p.4|
tecuannahuale (tecuannahuale). one is disguised as a wild beast.
b.4 f.5 p.42|
tecuantepecatl (tecuantepecatl). person from Tecuantepec. b.9 f.1 p.3|
tecuantlacualtin (tecuantlacualtin). food for wild beasts. b.5 f.1 p.154|
***-ni "verbs" like a noun
tecuantilia =nino (tecuantilia =nino). brauear assi (assi is braua
cosa que muerde). 55m-2|
*** from this point on, the arrangement is incomplete
tecuantlalia , mo- (mo-tecuantlalia). he becomes brave. b.4 f.5 p.42|
tecuantocatl (tecuantocatl). ara¤a negra ponzo¤osa; ara¤a negra y
ponzo¤osa; ara¤a ponza¤osa. 55m-1|
tecuantonaleh (tecuantonaleh). one who has the day sign of a wild
beast. b.4 f.1 p.6|
tecuantonalli (tecuantonalli). day sign of wild beasts; days of wild
beasts; evil day sign. b.4 f.1 p.5|
tecuantonalpan (tecuantonalpan). on an evil day sign. b.6 f.16 p.198|
tecuanyo (tecuanyo). brave; fierce; having wild beasts; having man-
eating animals. b.10 f.3 p.50|
tecuanyohtoc (tecuanyohtoc). . b.4 f.7 p.66|
tecuanyotihcac (tecuanyotihcac). it is full of wild beasts. b.11
f.26 p.267|
tecuanyotitoc , mo- (mo$tecuanyotitoc). . b.4 f.7 p.66|
tecuayoti , mo- (mo$tecuayoti). . b.6 f.2 p.15|
tecuayoti , xic- (xic-tecuayoti). make it stern. b.6 f.5 p.53|
tecuayoti , ximo- (ximo-tecuayoti). be stern. b.6 f.5 p.53|
tecuayotili , xicmo- (xicmo-tecuayotili). . b.6 f.2 p.24|
tecuayotl (tecuayotl). braueza, ferocidad, o crueldad de fieras
brauas. 71m2-18|
Quoting IDIEZ <idiez at me.com>:
> Piyali notequixpoyohuan,
> Normally coztic would be the free form and coztica- would be the
> combining form. However, this is called into question by Joe's
> examples. If we say that the form of the fourth example is coztic
> teocuitlahuah, it would mean that the person is yellow, not the
> imbedded noun of the -huah agentive.
> There are other instances where adjective/adverbs ending in -c are
> attached to a noun or verb root without first going back to the older
> -ca form. One, along the same line here, is
> chichiltictepozquixtiloyan, incorrectly translated in Molina or
> Sahagún (Joe can clarify this) as copper miner (it is also possibly
> incorrectly separated as chichiltic tepozquixtiloyan, in the
> original text; again Joe can chime in here). It should be copper
> mine, and obviously, if we divide it into chichiltic
> tepozquixtiloyan, it would mean a red iron-mine instead of the
> preferred red-iron mine.
> There are examples with more commonly used words. I just can`t think
> of any right now.
> John
>
>
> On Jul 16, 2012, at 6:33 AM, Michael McCafferty wrote:
>
>>
>> Sorry. I should have saved all my thoughts for one message.
>>
>> Two words.
>>
>> Coztic is really a past tense verb, and you can't tack a verb like
>> that onto the front of a noun.
>>
>> Michael
>>
>> Quoting "Campbell, R. Joe" <campbel at indiana.edu>:
>>
>>> Nocnihuan,
>>>
>>> I have a simple question: in the following entries from Molina, is
>>> "coztic" a separate word or part of the longer word?
>>>
>>> Thanks for your "parecer",
>>>
>>> Joe
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlacohualoni (cozticteocuitlacohualoni). moneda de oro.
>>> 55m-14|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlacozcapetlatl (cozticteocuitlacozcapetlatl). collar de
>>> oro; collar ancho de^oro. 55m-3|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlacozcatl (cozticteocuitlacozcatl). joya de oro. 71m2-5|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlahuah (cozticteocuitlahuah). platero que labra oro.
>>> 55m-16|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlamachiyotl (cozticteocuitlamachiyotl). quilate de oro.
>>> 55m-16|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlamachiyotia =ni (cozticteocuitlamachiyotia =ni).
>>> quilate dar al oro. 55m-16|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlamachiyotl (cozticteocuitlamachiyotl) [scribal error:
>>> ??01|printing error: teocuirlamachiyotl for teocuitlamachiyotl:
>>> 71m1]. quilate de oro.
>>> 71m1-181|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlamachiyotia =ni (cozticteocuitlamachiyotia =ni).
>>> quilate dar al oro. 71m1-181|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlaneliuhcayotl (cozticteocuitlaneliuhcayotl). liga en el
>>> oro; liga enel oro. 55m-12|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlaoztotl (cozticteocuitlaoztotl). minero de oro. 55m-14|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlapitzqui (cozticteocuitlapitzqui). platero que labra
>>> oro. 55m-16|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlapopozoquillotl (cozticteocuitlapopozoquillotl). espuma
>>> de oro; espuma o escoria de oro. +ly>ll>. 55m-9|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlaquixtiloyan (cozticteocuitlaquixtiloyan). minero de
>>> oro. >. 55m-14|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlatecomatl (cozticteocuitlatecomatl). vaso de oro.
>>> 55m-19|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlatl (cozticteocuitlatl). oro. 55m-15|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlatlaneliuhcayotl (cozticteocuitlatlaneliuhcayotl). liga
>>> en el oro. 55m-12|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlatlatemantli (cozticteocuitlatlatemantli). pieza o
>>> moneda de oro. 55m-16|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlatlaneliuhcayotl (cozticteocuitlatlaneliuhcayotl). liga
>>> enel oro. 71m1-141|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlatlatemantli (cozticteocuitlatlatemantli). pieza o
>>> moneda de oro; pieza o tejuelo doro. 71m1-171|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlatomin (cozticteocuitlatomin) [scribal error:
>>> ??01|printing error: taocuitlatomin for teocuitlatomin: 55m].
>>> moneda de oro. 55m-14|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlatomin (cozticteocuitlatomin). moneda de oro. 71m1-152|
>>>
>>> cozticteocuitlaxaltetl (cozticteocuitlaxaltetl). grano de oro.
>>> 55m-10|
>>>
>>>
>>>
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>>
>>
>>
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