Structure sémantique et structure ontologique, d étail séance 17 octobre

[Clara Romero]

De: "peggy.cardon" <peggy.cardon at univ-paris1.fr>


     


  Fall 2006/7


  Semantic Structure and Ontological Structure
  Tropes and their Role in the Semantics of Natural Language


  Friederike Moltmann
  Directrice de recherche CNRS
  fmoltmann at univ-paris1.fr 


  Envisaged audience:
  Students with some background in metaphysics and / or linguistic semantics, doctoral students, researchers


  place: IHPST, GS, 13 rue du four, 75006 Paris, métro Mabillon


  time: Tuesdays and some Thursdays 16-18, IHPST


  description:
  Tropes in contemporary philosophical terminology are concrete manifestations of properties such as for example Socrates’ wisdom or the apple’s redness. Tropes (as ‘accidents’, ‘modes’, or ‘abstract particulars’) have played an important role throughout the history of philosophy, going back at least to Plato and Aristotle. But tropes have also received renewed recent interest in contemporary metaphysics, offering new possible solutions to longstanding philosophical problems such as the problem of universals and the relation between individuals and the universals they instantiate. Tropes also play a rather central role in the semantics of natural language, not just as referents of nominalizations like Socrates’ wisdom, but arguably also in the semantics of modifiers, comparatives, and many other constructions. In this seminar, we will explore the various roles tropes may play in the semantics of natural language and discuss some of the most important issues of the more recent metaphysical debate surrounding tropes. We will also discuss the relation between tropes to closely related ontological categories, such as events, situations, states of affairs, and facts.
       The seminar will also be preparatory for a workshop on tropes and properties at the IHPST on January 21-22.


  schedule:
  Oct. 17: Tropes in Philosophy and Semantics: an Overview
                suggested reading: Williams (1953), Simons (1994), Bacon (online)


  Oct. 23: The Nature of Tropes and Reference to Tropes
                suggested reading: Strawson (1953, 1959), Schnieder (2004), Woltersdorff (1960,
                1970), Moltmann (to appear, ms)


  Thursday Nov. 2 (instead of Tuesday Oct. 31):
                B. Schnieder (Hamburg) (to be confirmed): ‘On Reference to Tropes’


  November 7: Kinds of Tropes and Other Universals
               suggested reading: Woltersdorff (1960, 1970), Moltmann (2004, 2005)


  November 14: no seminar


  Thursday Nov. 23 (instead of Tuesday Nov. 21):
                 Jonathan Lowe (Durham): ‘Four-Category Ontology’
                 suggested reading: Lowe (1998, 2006)


  November 28: Tropes, Universals and Individuals
                  suggested reading: Bacon (1995), Campbell (1990), Merz (1990)


  December 5: Luc Schneider (Geneva): On Mertz’s Logic
                  suggested reading: Mertz (1990)


  December 12: Tropes and Related Objects (Events, Qua Objects, States, Facts)




  literature (selection):
  J. Bacon:’ Tropes’. Online Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  ---------- (1995): Universals and Property Instances – The Alphabet of Being.
       Blackwell, Oxford.
  Campbell, K. (1990): Abstract Particulars. Blackwell, Oxford.
  Levinson, J. (1980): ‘The Particularization of Attributes’. Australiasian Journal of Philosophy
       58, pp. 102-15.
  Lowe, J. (1998): The Possibility of Metaphysics. Oxford UP, Oxford.
  ----------- (2006): The Four-Category Ontology. A Metaphysics Foundation for Natural
          Science. Oxford UP.
  Merz, D. W. (1996): Moderate Realism and Its Logic. Yale UP, New Haven.
  Moltmann, F. (2004): ‘Properties and Kinds of Tropes: New Linguistic Facts and Old
       Philosophical Insights’. Mind 113, 1-43.
  ---------------- (2005): ‘Two Kinds of Universals and Two Kind of Groups’. Linguistics and
         Philosophy 27: 739-776.
  ---------------- (to appear): ‘Events, Tropes, and Truthmaking’. Philosophical Studies.
  ----------------- (ms): ‘Comparatives without Degrees. A Trope-Based Approach’. Ms. IHPST.
         all available at: http://www-ihpst.univ-paris1.fr/fmoltmann
  Maurin, Anna-Sophia (2002): If Tropes. Kluwer Dordrecht.
  Mulligan, K. / P. Simons / B. Smith (1984): ‘Truthmakers’. Philosophy and
       Phenomenological Research 44, 287-321.
  Simons, P. (1994): 'Particulars in Particular Clothing. Three Trope Theories of Substance'.
       In Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 54.3, pp. 553-574. Reprinted in
        S. Laurence / C. MacDonald (eds.): Contemporary Readings in the Foundations of
        Metaphysics. Blackwell, Oxford 1998.
  Strawson, P. (1953-4): ‘Particular and General’. Proceedings of the Aristotelian
        Society. Reprinted in A. Schoedinger (ed.): The Problem of Universals.
        Humanities Press, New Jersey, 1992..
  --------- (1959): Individuals. An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics. Methuen, London.
  Schnieder, B. (2004): ‘A Note on Particularized Properties and Bearer-Uniqueness’.
        Ratio 17, 218-228.
  Williams, D. C. (1953): 'On the elements of being'. Review of Metaphysics 7, 3-18.
       Reprinted in Mellor/Oliver (eds.), 112-124.
  Woltersdorff, N. (1960): ‘Qualities’. Philosophical Review 69. Reprinted  in A.
       Schoedinger (ed.): The Problem of Universals. Humanities Press, New Jersey, 1992.
  -------------------- (1970): On Universals. Chicago UP, Chicago.




  ---------------


  IHPST-UMR 8590 (Paris 1/CNRS/ENS)
   13 rue du Four, 75006 Paris, France
   tél ++ 33 (0)1 43 54 94 60 / 60 36
   fax ++ 33 (0)1 43 25 29 48
  http://www-ihpst.univ-paris1.fr/ 


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